At the Quang Ninh Museum, visitors will have the opportunity to explore the coal mining industry, learn about the miners, as well as discover the Dao ethnic group, Dong Trieu pottery, agriculture , fisheries, and many other interesting things about the land and people of this region.
The pottery craft of Dong Trieu, Quang Ninh, was established and developed relatively late. Before 1955, Mr. Hoang Ba Huy, also known as Voong Nhi, was instrumental in establishing the pottery tradition in Dong Trieu. The raw materials for Dong Trieu pottery include white clay mined in Truc Thon and refractory kaolin mined in Tu Lang commune, Kinh Mon district, Hai Duong province.
Dong Trieu ceramics are a type of high-fired porcelain. The potters here use a dragon kiln system with 5 to 7 chambers and firing temperatures reaching 1,300 ° C. Thanks to such high kiln temperatures, the products have a distinctive glaze color and long-lasting durability.
Furthermore, Dong Trieu potters pay close attention to processing and removing impurities, ensuring a uniform whiteness in their products. After high-temperature firing, the products become glossy, smooth, and more durable and harder. Previously, shaping was mainly done using hand-operated potters, resulting in low productivity. Now, electric potters are used, leading to higher productivity. The pottery products are diverse in type, with motifs depicting life, people, and nature, such as the four seasons, the four mythical creatures, and the picturesque rivers and waterways of Quang Ninh province. Today, Dong Trieu pottery has become a brand of Quang Ninh, contributing to the development of local culture and economy .
The Quang Ninh Museum is also a place to learn about the customs and traditions of the Dao people. In each Dao family in Quang Ninh province, the initiation ceremony is the most important ritual. The initiation ceremony is a life-cycle custom, marking the maturity of Dao men and affirming the recognition of the community and the spirits for the person being initiated. The person presiding over the initiation ceremony must be knowledgeable about traditional rituals. A ceremony can initiate one person or several people, but the number must always be odd.
In every Dao family, the hearth is used for daily cooking. Above the hearth is a raised platform for drying and storing agricultural products, seeds, and household items. Next to the hearth are tools such as grinding mills, large pans, and steamers to facilitate the food preparation process. For the Thanh Y group of the Dao people in Bang Ca commune, rice cultivation is done twice a year, with harvests in May and October. To date, all farming processes are mechanized, except for harvesting, which is still done by hand.
Besides learning about the traditional crafts and customs of the Dao ethnic group in Quang Ninh, tourists also have the opportunity to learn about the coal mining industry and fishing in the area.
Quang Ninh is a region with large coal reserves and is primarily a concentration of anthracite coal. Quang Ninh coal is of good quality, with a calorific value of 7,850 to 8,200 calories per kilogram. Therefore, coal mining began in the Dong Trieu area in the early 19th century.
From the late 19th to early 20th centuries, coal companies were established one after another, the strongest of which was the French-owned Tonkin Coal Mining Company (SFCT). On November 12, 1936, the working class in the mining region rose up in unison, bravely fighting against the harsh exploitation regime of the mine owners. This was the greatest struggle of the working class in the mining region under the leadership of the Party and became the traditional day of coal miners. With the establishment of the Vietnam Coal Corporation, now the Vietnam Coal and Mineral Industry Group, through a process of struggle, construction, and development, overcoming countless difficulties and hardships of the coal industry, the group has grown strong in all aspects, becoming a source of strength for the people of Quang Ninh province in the construction and protection of Quang Ninh into a prosperous, beautiful, and civilized province.
Quang Ninh province boasts 250km of coastline and over 2,000 islands in the Gulf of Tonkin, with rich flora and fauna, resulting in a highly developed fishing industry. Fishermen have a long tradition of exploiting diverse marine resources in tidal flats and nearshore fishing. Quang Ninh's fishing grounds include four of the eight major shrimp grounds in the Gulf of Tonkin. Offshore fishing is increasingly developing and accounts for a large portion of the total annual catch. Aquaculture is also receiving increasing attention. Quang Ninh is famous for its specialty, the sea worm (Sá Sùng). Sea worms are a type of saltwater earthworm with high nutritional value. In Vietnam, sea worms are found in only a few regions. The sea worms from Quan Lan Island are the most famous and are abundant during the summer and autumn months.
For fishing here, fishermen use many fishing gears woven from bamboo. Some are active fishing gear, others are passive, meaning they are fixed in place. A fixed fishing net is a type of fixed gear used to catch fish in shallow water. Bamboo nets are commonly used in lagoons, estuaries, and mangrove swamps, depending on the tides. Some net nets can be several thousand meters long and are usually used in deeper water. Many types of traps, with or without bait, are placed in mountain crevices and in muddy mangrove swamps. In addition, there are many types of woven baskets used to hold seafood during fishing, especially the floating bamboo ducks used to keep fish alive. For squid fishing, during the squid breeding season, people lower cages with openings, called squid traps, into the sea. The main squid fishing season is from October to April of the following year; squid are even more abundant during rainy and foggy weather.
Besides exploring the stunning scenery of the World Natural Heritage site of Ha Long Bay, visitors shouldn't forget to stop by the Quang Ninh Museum – an ideal destination offering locals and tourists the most comprehensive view of the land and people of Quang Ninh, allowing them to better understand this beautiful and hospitable mining region.
TUONG VY
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