By the end of 2023, Vietnam reached a population of 100.3 million, with improved population quality, a sharp decrease in birth rates, and an increase in average life expectancy.
This information was released by the General Statistics Office in a press release on the socio -economic situation in the fourth quarter and the year 2023, dated December 29th.
Accordingly, the average population in 2023 is estimated at 100.3 million people, an increase of nearly 835,000 people (0.84%) compared to 2022. Of this, the urban population is 38.2 million people, accounting for over 38%; the rural population is over 62 million people, accounting for nearly 62%; males number 50 million, accounting for 49.9%; and females number 50.3 million, accounting for 50.1%.
The report from the General Statistics Office also shows that the sex ratio of the population in 2023 was 99.5 males/100 females. The average life expectancy was 73.7 years, a slight increase compared to 73.6 years in 2022, with men averaging 71.1 years and women 76.5 years.
The national labor force aged 15 and over totaled 52.4 million people, an increase of over 666,000 compared to the previous year. Overall in 2023, the employed population was 51.3 million, an increase of 683,000 people (1.35%) compared to the previous year.
This year, the average monthly income of workers is 7.1 million VND, an increase of 6.9%, or 459,000 VND, compared to the previous year. Specifically, the average monthly income for male workers is 8.1 million VND, and for female workers 6 million VND; the average monthly income for workers in urban areas is 8.7 million VND, and in rural areas 6.2 million VND.
Vietnam's total fertility rate in 2023 was 1.95 children per woman, down from last year (2.01 children) and below the replacement level target of 2.1 children. Two critical areas are the Southeast and the Mekong Delta, where fertility rates continue to fall sharply (around 1.5 children per woman). This year, Ho Chi Minh City's fertility rate is 1.27 children per woman, the lowest in the country.
However, Vietnam's population has not yet peaked. According to the General Statistics Office, the population of Vietnam will increase to 107 million by 2044, then decrease to 72 million by 2100. Vietnam is currently transitioning from a high to a low birth rate, from an early to a late birthing pattern, and from a young population structure to an aging population.
Hanoi residents exercise at Ho Guom Lake. Photo: Giang Huy
Mr. Mai Trung Son, Deputy Head of the Population and Family Planning Department, Population Bureau, stated on December 26th that Vietnam's population growth rate has sharply decreased from a very high 3.9% (1960) to 1.14% (2019) and 0.95% (2021). The General Statistics Office also forecasts that, under the average birth rate scenario, Vietnam's average population growth rate will reach zero by 2069. Meanwhile, under the low birth rate scenario, in just 35 years, Vietnam will face a negative population growth rate.
The United Nations predicts that by 2500, Vietnam's population will be only 3.6 million, the same size as Nghe An province today, if the birth rate continues to decline.
Le Nga
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