The character for " poetry" (诗) first appeared in works from the Warring States period. Its original meaning was "rhyming words expressing thoughts and feelings" ( Guoyu, Luyu ). Later, this character came to refer to the poet ( the original poet). This refers to Ye Jie's *Wai Tian Shang* from the Qing Dynasty.
Poetry is also seen as a metaphor for what is beautiful, interesting, or evokes strong emotions in people (e.g., "Fishing in the River " by Liu Yu Xi during the Tang Dynasty).
In terms of verbs, "thi " means "composing poetry" ( Luoyang Jialan Ji by Yang Huanzhi during the Wei Dynasty); or "recording" ( Liu Tongjun Bi by Han Yu during the Tang Dynasty); or "maintaining" ( Yi Li. Te Sheng Gui Shi Li ) or "continuing, inheriting" ( Kun Xue Ji Wen. Ping Shi by Wang Yinglin during the Southern Song Dynasty).
Additionally, "thi" can also mean the Book of Poetry ( Mencius, King Hui of Liang , upper part) or the surname Thi ( from the "General Genealogy of the Ten Thousand Surnames" by Ling Dizhi during the Ming Dynasty).
The character Ca (歌) first appeared in bronze inscriptions from the Spring and Autumn period, and was later commonly found in documents from the Western Zhou period.
"Ca" means "to sing" ( I Ching, Zhong Fu ); "to play music" ( Book of Rites, Dan Gong , Part 2); or "to compose songs" ( Book of Poetry, Chen Feng, Mu Men ), as in Nguyen Du's poem: " The woodcutter and buffalo herder sing as the sun sets ."
"Ca" is also a term referring to musical compositions set to poetry ( Thuận thư, Thuấn điển ), or a genre of ancient poetry that is rhyming and can be recited ( Văn thể minh tự biện thuyết, Nhạc phủ ), such as the ancient poem " Chang Han Ca" by Bai Juyi, which tells the story of the love between Emperor Xuanzong of Tang and Yang Guifei.
In the "Seven Years of Success" (Zuo Commentary) , "ca" means "to praise, to honor," for example: "All nine virtues can be praised" ( Jiu gong zhi de jia ke ca ye ).
In classical literature, "ca" is used similarly to "ca" (哥), meaning "older brother" ( Shunzi Bian ) or "father" ( Dunhuang Bian Wen Ji, Gou Dao Xing Ben ).
There are many ways to define "poetry," such as: " Poetry expresses will, song expresses eternal words"; or " Poetry is used to express feelings, while song is used to express poetry" - National language. Lu language .
Regarding compound words, it's important to note the meanings of the following: thi thoại (a book of poetry commentary, a novel interspersed with poetry); vận thi (rhyming poetry); thi phú (poetry and prose); thi cách (rules for writing poetry); thi nan (poetry collection); vãn thi (emotional poetry, memorial poetry, often read at funerals); while thi thiên has nothing to do with Heaven or the Jade Emperor, simply meaning "poem" or "poetic work"; thi tiên is a term praising an outstanding poet, such as Li Bai.
In the case of word inversion, the term "ca thi" means "reciting poetry"; a couplet that contains poetry but lacks actual poetry . For example: "phẩm thi" (looking at the teeth of animals, evaluating the color of their fur, their legs).
Regarding the Nôm script, the ancients borrowed the traditional Chinese character for " poetry " (詩) to refer to "poetry": " Intelligence is a natural gift. Skilled in poetry and painting, skilled in singing and reciting " ( The Tale of Kiều ) or to refer to examinations: " When the examination was held, Vân Tiên went to thank his teacher and asked to return home " ( The Tale of Luc Vân Tiên ).
Source: https://thanhnien.vn/lat-leo-chu-nghia-thi-ca-185250328222757341.htm
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