How are earthquakes measured?

Venezuela has just been hit by a devastating double earthquake with magnitudes of 7.2 and 7.5, causing many deaths and the collapse of buildings in the capital Caracas.

Given the severity of the situation, Acting President Delcy Rodriguez declared a state of emergency and closed the international airport, while authorities warned of a high risk of casualties due to the widespread disaster. So how are earthquakes measured?

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Source: https://znews.vn/dong-dat-duoc-do-luong-nhu-the-nao-post1663054.html