KoreanUsing a new tungsten diverter, the KSTAR fusion reactor successfully maintained a temperature of 100 million degrees Celsius for 48 seconds.
South Korea's KSTAR fusion reactor. Image: KFE
For the first time, the Korea Fusion Energy Institute's (KFE) Korean Tokamak Superconducting Advanced Research (KSTAR) fusion reactor reached a temperature of 100 million degrees Celsius. This achievement took place during testing from December 12 to February 2023, marking a new record for the KSTAR project.
KSTAR successfully maintained a temperature of 100 million degrees Celsius for 48 seconds. Meanwhile, the Sun's core temperature is 15 million degrees Celsius. In addition, the reactor also maintains high limit mode (H mode) for more than 100 seconds. H-mode is an advanced operating mode in magnetically confined fusion with a stable plasma state.
The fusion reaction simulates the production of light and heat from stars. This process involves fusing hydrogen nuclei and other light elements to release enormous energy. Experts hope to be able to use fusion reactors to create limitless carbon-free electricity.
According to the Korean National Science and Technology Research Council (NST), creating a technology that can maintain high temperatures and high-density plasma so that fusion reactions take place most efficiently over long periods of time is extremely important. The secret behind these great achievements is the tungsten diverter, NST said. This is a key component at the bottom of the vacuum tank in a magnetic fusion device, playing a key role in expelling exhaust gases and impurities from the reactor while still withstanding the large surface heat load.
The KSTAR team has switched to using tungsten instead of carbon in the diverter. Tungsten has the highest melting point of any metal. KSTAR successfully maintained H mode for a longer period of time largely thanks to this upgrade. “Compared to previous carbon diverters, the new tungsten diverter experiences only a 25% increase in surface temperature under similar heat loading. This provides significant benefits for long-pulse high thermal energy operations,” NST explains.
The success of the tungsten diverter could provide valuable data for the International Thermal Experimental Reactor (ITER) project. ITER is a $21,5 billion international thermonuclear project being developed in France with the participation of dozens of countries, including South Korea, China, the US, EU countries and Russia. ITER is expected to create a plasma state for the first time in 2025 and begin operations in 2035. Tungsten will be used in the diverter of this reactor.
Thu Thao (Follow Interesting Engineering)
