Use pain relievers safely.

Pain relievers should be used in the correct dosage and as prescribed by a healthcare professional.

Báo Hải Dương•19/06/2025

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Pain medication should only be used as directed by a doctor (illustrative image).

Pain relievers

There are two groups of over-the-counter pain relievers: acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These drugs are effective in relieving mild pain such as headaches, fever, colds, flu, arthritis, toothaches, and menstrual cramps.

Common prescription pain relievers include opioids and non-opioid medications. Non-opioid pain relievers include ibuprofen and diclofenac, which are used to relieve moderate pain.

Use as directed.

Pain relievers are safe and effective when used as directed. Incorrect use can have serious consequences, even leading to death. If the medication comes with a measuring device, use it according to the instructions.

Do not change the dosage of your pain medication without consulting your doctor. Also, do not give your medication to anyone else.

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Note regarding certain medications

- With acetaminophen (paracetamol): Using doses higher than recommended does not provide stronger pain relief and can even be dangerous. Excessive use can damage the liver and lead to death. The risk of liver damage is increased in people who consume alcohol while using medication containing acetaminophen.

Caution is needed when giving acetaminophen to children. Infant drops may be more potent than regular children's medications. Read and follow the instructions on the label each time you give your child this medication. Make sure your child is receiving the correct form of medication appropriate for their age.

- With NSAIDs : taking too much can cause stomach bleeding. This risk is increased for people over 60 years old, those taking anticoagulants, steroids, those with a history of stomach bleeding or ulcers, and/or other bleeding problems. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can also harm the kidneys. This risk is increased in people over 60 years old, those taking diuretics, those with high blood pressure, heart disease, or pre-existing kidney disease.

- Opioid use can cause drowsiness. Do not operate machinery or drive while taking this medication, especially when you are taking it for the first time.

Understanding the active ingredients

One problem with over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers is that products sold for different uses may contain the same active ingredient. A cough and cold remedy might have the same active ingredient as a headache remedy or a prescription pain reliever.

To minimize the risk of overdose, consumers should avoid taking multiple medications with the same active ingredient at the same time. Refer to the list of active ingredients on the product packaging or in the accompanying instruction leaflet.

You should consult with a pharmacist or healthcare professional if you have any questions about over-the-counter medications, especially before taking them in combination with supplements, or other over-the-counter or prescription medications.

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- Inform healthcare professionals of any history of drug abuse. All patients treated for pain with opioids should be closely monitored by healthcare professionals for signs of abuse or addiction and to determine when the patient no longer needs the medication.

- Strictly follow the instructions for use. Opioids have many significant side effects, including drowsiness, constipation, and shortness of breath, which vary depending on the dose. Taking too much can cause severe respiratory depression or death. Do not bite or break the tablet. This can alter the rate at which the drug is absorbed and lead to overdose or death.

- Do not combine opioids with alcohol, antihistamines, barbiturates, or benzodiazepines. All of these substances slow breathing, and their combined effects can lead to life-threatening respiratory failure.

PV (compiled)

Source: https://baohaiduong.vn/su-dung-thuoc-giam-dau-an-safe-414412.html