There are officially two forms of direct electricity trading.

Decree No. 80/2024/ND-CP stipulates that direct electricity trading is the buying and selling of electricity carried out through two forms:

Direct electricity trading via dedicated transmission lines refers to the signing of electricity purchase and sale contracts and the delivery of electricity via dedicated transmission lines between renewable energy power generation units and large electricity consumers, as stipulated by regulations.

Direct electricity trading through the national grid is the buying and selling of electricity through forward contracts between renewable energy power generation units and large electricity consumers (or authorized electricity retailers in designated zones or clusters), and the trading is conducted in accordance with regulations. This form includes:

Firstly, renewable energy power generation units sell all the electricity they produce to the spot electricity market of the competitive wholesale electricity market.

Secondly, large electricity consumers or electricity retailers in designated zones or clusters are authorized to sign electricity purchase and sale contracts with the Vietnam Electricity Corporation (or its authorized/delegated entity) to purchase all the electricity needed to meet their demand.

Thirdly, renewable energy power generation units and large electricity consumers or electricity retailers in zone/cluster models are authorized to buy and sell electricity through forward contracts.

Regarding the form of direct electricity trading via dedicated transmission lines, the Decree stipulates that renewable energy power generation units and large electricity consumers shall conduct direct electricity trading through dedicated transmission lines according to the following principles:

- The power purchase agreement between a renewable energy power generation unit and a large electricity consumer, in the case of direct power purchase through a dedicated connection line, shall be agreed upon by both parties in accordance with the provisions of Article 22 of the Electricity Law and other relevant legal documents.

This includes the following main contents: Contracting parties; purpose of use; service standards and quality; rights and obligations of the parties; electricity price, payment method and terms; contract termination conditions; liability for breach of contract; contract term; responsibility for investment, construction, and operation management of the dedicated connection line; and other contents agreed upon by both parties.

- The electricity selling price shall be agreed upon by both parties, except as stipulated in Clause 4, Article 6 of this Decree.

Renewable energy power generation units negotiate, agree upon, and sign power purchase agreements regarding capacity, output, and price for surplus electricity with Vietnam Electricity Group (or its authorized partner) in accordance with regulations.

In addition to the direct electricity trading activities via dedicated connection lines as stipulated above, large electricity consumers may trade electricity with the Vietnam Electricity Corporation (or other electricity retailers not affiliated with the Vietnam Electricity Corporation) as regulated.

Regarding the form of direct electricity trading through the national grid, the Decree also clearly stipulates the sale of electricity by renewable energy power generation units through the spot electricity market and the trading of electricity with the Vietnam Electricity Corporation.

According to regulations, the spot electricity market price is the overall electricity market price formed during each trading cycle of the spot electricity market and is determined by the sum of the market energy price and the market capacity price.

In this context, market electricity prices and market capacity prices are determined according to the Regulations on the Operation of the Competitive Wholesale Electricity Market issued by the Ministry of Industry and Trade.

Source: https://laodong.vn/kinh-doanh/chinh-thuc-co-2-hinh-thuc-mua-ban-dien-truc-tiep-1361269.ldo