21:33, 07/05/2023
BHG – Despite ups and downs, Ha Giang oranges have always been one of the most appreciated brands and a large production area of the country. However, the situation of oranges “good season, lose price”, “lose crop, gain price” often occurs; Degenerate trees, suffering from many types of pests and diseases, and the decline in over 2.700 hectares of land in the past 2 years is alarming.
 |
| Leaders of Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Bac Quang district and experts check the status of orange trees with pests and diseases in Tien Kieu commune. |
Leaders of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development informed that orange trees were identified by the province as one of the five key products and commodities for restructuring the province's agriculture sector. Therefore, in the period of 1 - 5, the province issued many policies to support and encourage the development of commodity agriculture, including orange trees such as: Resolutions No. 2015, 2020, 209 of the Provincial People's Council. In particular, on December 86, 29, the Standing Board of the Provincial Party Committee issued Resolution No. 1.12.2020 on sustainable development of Sanh orange trees in the province, period 04-2021, orientation to 2025; Provincial People's Council promulgates Resolution No. 2030 on specific policies to support economic development of household gardens and sustainable development of Sanh orange trees in Ha Giang province, period 58-2021.
From the attention of the province, in 2020, the total area of oranges in the province will reach 8.570 hectares, the area applying VietGAP standards will reach 4.268 hectares. The total area for the product is 6.997 hectares, the average yield is over 130 quintals/ha, the output is over 91.000 tons, the value is about 1.000 billion VND, bringing high economic efficiency to the farmers; on average, 1 hectare of oranges for households with incomes from 20-25 million VND or more (excluding expenses), with areas supported by loans for intensive investment, applying VietGAP process for 40-50 million VND VND/ha or more (depending on the season). In 2016, the product "Orange Sanh Ha Giang" was granted Geographical Indication by the Ministry of Science and Technology for oranges in 38 communes in 3 districts: Bac Quang, Quang Binh and Vi Xuyen. Ha Giang orange brand is increasingly asserting its prestige in the market, every year thousands of tons of oranges are consumed in Vinmart Supermarkets, wholesale markets in Hanoi, Hai Phong, Ha Tinh, Quang Ninh and Bac Ninh. … In the province, four orange processing facilities have been established, with many products such as: orange juice, orange essential oil, concentrated orange juice, etc.
However, up to now, the area of oranges in the province has decreased by over 2.700 ha, down to 5.824 ha (Sanh oranges 3.785,6 ha; Vang oranges 2.038 ha), the area for products 5.063,2 ha; average yield of 130 quintals/ha; production over 65.800 tons. Many gardeners have to abandon oranges and switch to other crops. The initial cause was determined by experts because orange trees suffered from yellow leaf disease, root rot and death.
Experts from the Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences confirmed that the phenomenon of orange trees yellowing leaves, root rot and death is caused by three main reasons, such as: Most orange-growing households in the province self-seeding or buying seedlings by cuttings (the percentage of oranges using branched varieties currently accounts for 3% of the total area of oranges in the province); With seedlings propagated by eye grafting method, most of them do not have clear origin, do not meet the standards...so the resistance to pests and diseases is weak, so after 70 to 3 years, the plants start yellowing of leaves and root rot.
In addition, the farming techniques of the people greatly affect the growth of orange trees. Most of the land for growing oranges in the province has not been improved before new planting; some areas are not in the planning area for growing oranges; plants are not watered sufficiently in the dry season; do not use rotting manure to improve the soil or use but improper techniques, abuse chemical fertilizers, plant protection drugs ... these are the agents that cause pests and diseases to have the opportunity to develop, causing diseases and pests to develop. degraded orange trees.
Along with that, the orange growing area in the province has 18 species of pests and 10 harmful diseases. Especially Tristezra, Greening and root rot are the three most dangerous diseases that cause degradation of oranges, reducing yield by 3%-20%.
Despite being affected by pests and diseases, our province still determines throughout the point of view of focusing on improving the quality of Ha Giang orange products, especially Sanh oranges - a typical fruit tree of the province's brand, aiming at the goal of improving the quality of Ha Giang oranges. The goal of economic restructuring in agriculture is to develop Sanh orange trees in association with the development of the typical commodity agriculture sector to improve living standards, income, and create jobs for people. Resolution No. 04 of the Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee sets the target by 2025: To maintain stable area of Sanh oranges in the whole province 5.000 ha; focus on renovating and applying intensive farming to improve productivity and quality and build a linked value chain in the production, processing and consumption of products with an area of 2.000 ha. Many solutions to achieve the above objectives have been identified and developed from leadership and direction to the issuance of mechanisms and policies; support and encourage the application of science and technology; agricultural extension guidance, technology transfer; human resource training; preservation, processing and marketing of products…
But in order to sustainably develop orange trees, overcome the situation of orange trees suffering from pests and diseases, reduce the area and degrade, according to Dr. Cao Van Chi, Research Institute of Fruits and Vegetables (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development): The situation of orange trees with yellow leaves and root rot not only happened in Ha Giang but also happened in concentrated orange growing areas such as Cao Phong (Hoa Binh), Ham Yen (Tuyen Quang). From the identified objective and subjective reasons, the above consequences are inevitable. Therefore, in order to overcome it, it is necessary to participate in the participation of all levels, professional sectors and people to synchronously implement solutions on varieties, planting techniques, care, process of handling pests and diseases; especially the initiative of the garden owners. But, in the immediate future, the province needs to review and comprehensively evaluate the development of orange trees in order to adjust and supplement orientations, mechanisms and policies in accordance with reality.
Article, photo: Luong Ha
