In the province, there are many famous specialty longan varieties such as: PHM99-1.1 (Khoai Chau late-ripening longan), PHM99-2.1 (Huong Chi longan), late-ripening longan varieties (HTM1, HTM2 HTM6), rock sugar longan, ancient pulp longan... Among the 50 longan gene sources being produced in localities in the province, there are over 40 gene sources of indigenous origin . Each household usually grows from 3 to 4 longan gene sources, however , many households grow 20 longan gene sources. The number of individuals of these gene sources is also very different, the longan varieties PHM99-1.1 and PHM99-2.1 are grown in the largest quantity , accounting for more than 80%.
Although the province 's longan seed source is quite abundant , the conservation, exploitation and development of specialty longan varieties are still limited. Many specialty and rare longan varieties of the province such as rock sugar longan, ancient pulp longan... are facing the risk of depletion because the conservation , exploitation and development of these longan varieties have not received due attention; the exploitation and use of longan genetic resources are still spontaneous and small-scale, leading to unstable output and fluctuating prices ...
With the desire to preserve the characteristic sweetness of Pho Hien longan, constantly improving the value and quality of longan, many farmers in Hung Yen city have been attached to longan trees for many years, still constantly researching, learning, day and night, so that every season of ripe longan, the flavor of longan will fly far and wide, delighting diners from all over the world.
The idea of preserving the ancient longan variety came to Mr. Bui Xuan Tam, Hong Nam commune (Hung Yen city) in the 90s, when his family contracted to grow an ancient longan tree on the dike of Hong Nam commune. During the longan season, he noticed an ancient longan tree that produced especially delicious fruit. The fruit had a bright appearance, crispy flesh, and a sweet and fragrant taste. Mr. Tam confided: The gardener's intuition told me to breed, cultivate, and develop this precious longan variety, lest one day the tree would become too old and die and a delicious longan variety would be lost. The seeds of that delicious longan variety were planted by me in my home garden, and a few years later the tree grew and produced delicious fruit, not letting down the caretaker. From that first ancient longan tree, I grafted buds onto other trees to expand the area of precious longan, improve and enhance the quality of my family's commercial longan garden. Up to now, Mr. Tam has a garden of nearly 100 ancient longan trees, the fruit yield increases every year, the quality of the delicious fruit is famous far and wide, as a worthy achievement for an old farmer who loves his fields and gardens. In 2022, the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development organized a selection of the first-generation longan trees and Mr. Tam's ancient longan tree was granted a Certificate of recognition for the first-generation tree named Bui Tam's ancient longan, with the seed source code: C.NHANHONGNAM.33.323.11977.22.19 (abbreviated HYT19).
In order to strengthen state management in the field of conservation and development of longan genetic resources, and at the same time help exploit and use effectively and sustainably the province 's specialty crop resources , contributing to shifting the crop structure and increasing farmers' income ; on December 31, 2019, the Provincial People's Committee issued Decision No. 2918/QD-UBND approving the Project on Conservation and Development of Longan and Lychee Growing Areas in Hung Yen Province for the period 2020 - 2025, with a vision to 2030. The objective of the project for longan trees is to basically ensure that by 2025, the province's existing longan genetic resources are inventoried and evaluated; a database for tracing longan genetic resources is built. New conservation areas are built and the current status of ancestral longan trees is maintained; the status quo of delicious and rare longan trees in the gardens of household owners is preserved. ownership; establish a conservation garden to translocate the province's longan genetic resources. Focus on renovating and replacing mixed longan gardens and old trees with low productivity and quality with specialty longan varieties of high economic value, including expanding the planting area of rock sugar longan and ancient pulp longan varieties to account for 15 - 20% of the province's longan area. In the period of 2026 - 2030 , continue to maintain activities to conserve the province's longan genetic resources; effectively care for and exploit the conservation garden to ensure sufficient supply of longan varieties. serving the work of converting crop structure as well as improving the quality of longan in the province.
Implementing the above project, the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development has coordinated with relevant units to complete the database and build a map of the distribution of longan genetic resources in the province, creating favorable conditions for monitoring, managing, preserving and developing 45 longan genetic resources to be stored at the Plant Resources Center (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development). The organization allocates funding to support the conservation of the original state according to the norms for households who own longan trees in the conservation list; at the same time, instruct households on techniques for caring for, protecting and exploiting the conserved trees. Funding is provided to the Provincial Agricultural Seed Center to purchase fertilizers and materials to care for 1 hectare of translocated conservation for 250 longan trees. Along with that, the department directs the construction of a longan intensive farming model with an area of 2.5 hectares in Hong Nam and Tan Hung communes (Hung Yen city); organizes support for new planting and grafting of specialty longan varieties with an area of 65 hectares. In 2022, the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development organized a selection and decided to recognize 51 longan trees that met the standards of parent trees, including 13 early-ripening longan trees, 30 main-season longan trees, and 8 late-ripening longan trees. Regarding fruit orchards, through evaluating the criteria, the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development decided to recognize 31 orchards that met the standards of parent fruit orchards.
Organizing the selection and recognition of the first-line longan trees and gardens creates a stable supply of good varieties to serve the development of new planting, improvement of mixed gardens, improving productivity and quality of longan products in the province; forming concentrated production areas , products with brands, economic value, high competitiveness and suitable for market demand . At the same time, the selection aims to create conditions for building facilities for training , scientific research and environmental education, developing ecotourism, contributing to socio-economic development.
With the significance of the selection, after the gardens and trees are recognized as parent trees, specialized agencies and local authorities need to strengthen coordination to organize monitoring, management, and guide household owners to effectively conserve, care for, manage and exploit seed sources and grafts according to regulations; strengthen inspection of the production and trading of plant varieties in general and fruit tree varieties in particular. Organizations and individuals with recognized parent trees and gardens must conserve, care for, manage and exploit parent trees and gardens according to regulations.
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