Enlarged prostate

Benign prostatic hyperplasia, also known as prostatic adenoma, benign prostatic hypertrophy, or benign prostatic hypertrophy, is a common condition in older men.

This article was professionally reviewed by Dr. Tra Anh Duy, MD, PhD, Men's Health Center.

Reason

Currently, the exact cause of prostate enlargement is unknown.

Incidence rate

- The incidence of the disease increases with age.

- It is rare before age 40; approximately 50% of men aged 50-60 and 90% of men aged 80-90 suffer from this disease.

Symptom

Symptoms occur because the urethra is blocked and the bladder cannot completely empty its bladder. Therefore, the following problems may arise:

- Symptoms of irritation:

* Frequent urination throughout the day and night.

* Urgent need to urinate.

* Frequent urination, especially at night.

- Symptoms of obstruction:

* Weak urine stream.

* Intermittent urination.

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* Straining to urinate.

* Feeling like you haven't completely emptied your bladder.

* Urination occurs in small drops, which can cause urinary retention.

Diagnose

- Diagnosis is made through the patient's ability to self-report symptoms using symptom scoring and quality of life assessment.

- Doctors evaluate the prostate gland in the following ways:

* Perform a digital rectal examination to assess the characteristics of the prostate gland.

* PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) quantitative test: This level is often high in cases of prostate cancer and prostatitis.

* Abdominal ultrasound assesses the prostate gland and the entire urinary system.

* Rectal ultrasound and prostate biopsy when prostate cancer is suspected.

* Uroflowmetry assesses urine flow and may be performed cystoscopy if necessary.

Treatment

Depending on the severity of the condition, the doctor will determine the appropriate treatment for each patient. Treatment mainly depends on the severity of the urinary disorder, and is not heavily dependent on the size of the prostate gland.

- Monitor:

* Patients with mild urinary disorders that have little impact on their quality of life only need regular monitoring.

* Lifestyle changes can help improve symptoms, such as reducing/eliminating alcohol and coffee; exercising moderately; urinating as soon as you feel the urge; drinking small amounts of water frequently throughout the day; avoiding large drinks before bed; and avoiding stress.

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- Use medication:

Currently, many combination medications, such as those that relax the muscles in the bladder neck and those that reduce the size of the prostate gland, help slow disease progression and improve the quality of life for patients.

- Surgery:

In cases of severe or complicated urinary disorders, surgical treatment is necessary.

* Endoscopic prostatectomy using monopolar, bipolar, laser, or fibrosurgical techniques...

* Open surgery.

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