Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Benign prostatic hyperplasia, also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia, benign prostatic hyperplasia or benign prostatic hyperplasia... is a common disease in older men.

This article was professionally consulted by Dr. Tra Anh Duy, Men's Health Center.

Reason

Currently, the exact cause of prostate enlargement is unknown.

Morbidity rate

- The incidence of the disease increases with age.

- Rare before age 40, about 50% of men aged 50-60 and 90% of men aged 80-90 have this disease.

Symptom

Symptoms occur when the urethra is blocked and the bladder cannot empty all the urine. Therefore, problems may occur:

- Symptoms of irritation:

* Urinate frequently day and night.

* Urgency

* Frequent urination, especially at night.

- Symptoms of obstruction:

* Weak urine stream.

* Intermittent urination.

* Urinate with straining.

* Feeling of incomplete urination.

* Dribbling urine, which may cause urinary retention.

Diagnose

- Diagnosis is based on the patient's ability to self-report symptoms using a symptom score and quality of life questionnaire.

- Doctors evaluate the prostate in the following ways:

* Digital rectal examination to assess prostate characteristics.

* PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) quantitative test: This index is often high in cases of prostate cancer and prostatitis.

* Abdominal ultrasound evaluates the prostate and entire urinary system.

* Rectal ultrasound and prostate biopsy when prostate cancer is suspected.

* Uroflowmetry evaluates urine flow and cystoscopy may be performed if necessary.

Treatment

Depending on the severity of the disease, the doctor will have a suitable treatment plan for each patient. Treatment mainly depends on the level of urinary disorder of the patient, not much on the size of the prostate.

- Monitor:

* Patients with mild urinary disorders that do not significantly affect their quality of life only need regular monitoring.

* Lifestyle changes that can help improve symptoms include reducing/stopping alcohol and coffee; exercising regularly; urinating as soon as you feel the urge; drinking small amounts of water several times a day; avoiding drinking large amounts of water before bed; and avoiding stress.

- Use of drugs:

Currently, many combination drugs such as bladder neck muscle relaxants, prostate size reducers... help slow disease progression and improve the patient's quality of life.

- Surgery:

In case of severe urinary disorders or complications, surgical treatment is necessary:

* Endoscopic prostatectomy using monopolar, bipolar, laser, prostatic shunting...

* Open surgery.

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