Increase the authority of provincial-level people's courts.

The increase in the supervisory and retrial authority of provincial-level people's courts, as stipulated in Law 85/2025/QH15, amending and supplementing several articles of the Civil Procedure Code (amended) passed by the National Assembly in 2025, demonstrates a strong commitment to grassroots-oriented judicial reform, especially since the implementation of the two-tiered local government system.

• Focus on building an electronic court system that is professional, modern, fair, and rigorous.
• Defining the jurisdiction of the People's Courts according to the new model.
• Towards e-courts, improving the efficiency of trials.

This new regulation increases opportunities for citizens to quickly request a review of legally binding judgments and decisions. This not only reduces the workload of the Supreme People's Court but also contributes to ensuring fairness and more effective law enforcement.

Increasing authority towards the grassroots level.

Law No. 85/2025/QH15 amended and supplemented Article 37 of the Civil Procedure Code, granting provincial People's Courts additional important powers. Specifically, provincial People's Courts have the authority to hear appeals against judgments and decisions of regional People's Courts that have not yet become legally effective; and to conduct supervisory review and retrial of judgments and decisions of regional People's Courts that have become legally effective when there is an appeal as prescribed.

This is seen as a step that has received much attention from the public (those involved, or with rights and obligations in civil cases) as it makes it easier to access litigation procedures. This is because procedures for cassation and retrial are often considered difficult to access, costly, and time-consuming.

Transferring the authority for cassation and retrial to the Provincial People's Courts not only makes justice more accessible to the people but also clearly demonstrates the policy of decentralization, delegation of power, streamlining the apparatus, and bringing judicial activities closer to the grassroots. People no longer have to wait long to appeal to higher levels. Provincial People's Courts can directly appeal judgments of the former district-level People's Courts and organize cassation and retrial proceedings through a panel of judges, contributing to shortening the time for resolving cases and improving the effectiveness of protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the people.

The people have a high level of consensus.

According to regulations, the panel of judges of the Provincial People's Court consists of 11 judges appointed by the Chief Justice of the Supreme People's Court, with the authority to review judgments and decisions under supervisory review and retrial procedures for cases appealed within the territory. The trial is conducted by a panel of judges comprising the entire panel of judges; at least two-thirds of the members must be present, and a decision is only adopted when more than half of the total members vote in favor.

In December 2025, the Ca Mau Provincial People's Court will hold a supervisory review hearing under its new jurisdiction to reconsider two cases that have already become legally effective but have been appealed by the People's Procuracy of the same level. These include a commercial case concerning a "Dispute over a Credit Contract" and a civil case concerning a "Request for Recognition of a Consensual Divorce".

The Judges' Committee of the Ca Mau Provincial People's Court heard the appeal in a commercial case concerning a "Dispute over a Credit Agreement" on December 17, 2025.

Upon review, the panel of judges found that previous judgments and decisions had not fully assessed the facts of the case, affecting the legitimate rights and interests of others. Specifically, in the "Credit Contract Dispute" case, the first-instance court's determination of the legality of the property mortgage contract was not solid, failing to consider the land use rights related to the legitimate rights of a third party. Regarding the civil case "Request for Recognition of Consensual Divorce," the decisions and agreements of the parties showed signs of evading the obligation to enforce the judgment, and therefore also needed to be reviewed. Based on these grounds, the Panel of Judges of the Ca Mau Provincial People's Court decided to partially annul the commercial judgment and completely annul the decision recognizing the consensual divorce, remanding the case to the regional People's Court for reconsideration in accordance with regulations.

Holding the cassation decision in their hands, Mr. NTT and Mrs. TTN, the couple whose legitimate rights and interests were affected in the "Credit Contract Dispute" case, were delighted that the errors were promptly rectified at the provincial level, saving them the time and effort of appealing to the Supreme People's Court.

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According to Mr. Thai Ret, Chief Justice of the Ca Mau Provincial People's Court, granting additional authority to the Chief Prosecutor of the Provincial People's Procuracy, the Chief Justice of the Provincial People's Court to appeal, and organizing supervisory and retrial proceedings for judgments of regional People's Courts, has expanded opportunities for people to review judgments and decisions that are not thorough, helping them access justice quickly and conveniently, and contributing to better protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the people.

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In the coming period, the Ca Mau Provincial People's Court will continue to direct its specialized units to strengthen research and provide advice on resolving requests, proposals, and recommendations for supervisory review and retrial; propose the consideration and decision on appeals against judgments and decisions that have become legally effective, ensuring that supervisory review and retrial proceedings are conducted fairly and transparently.

Kim Phuong

Source: https://baocamau.vn/tang-tham-quyen-cho-toa-an-nhan-dan-cap-tinh-a125638.html