The unique carp farming system in Austria, the salak (rattan) agroforestry system in Bali, Indonesia, and the cocoa agroforestry system of Sao Tome and Principe, have become three new additions to the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS).
The systems were officially recognized at a meeting of the GIAHS Scientific Advisory Group on September 19, including the first systems from Indonesia, São Tomé and Príncipe and the second system from Austria.
With the latest addition to the Global Agricultural Heritage Systems list, FAO's GIAHS network now has 89 systems in 28 countries globally.
Austria's unique carp pond farming system
Carp pond farming in the Waldviertel region of Lower Austria is a unique aquaculture system with a 900-year history. Using low stocking densities and traditional practices, the biodiverse carp pond ecosystem is connected to the surrounding forests.
This sustainable practice supports biodiversity, water conservation and cultural heritage preservation through the farming of high quality carp and innovative fish products. The system supports the local economy not only through fish sales but also by promoting agri-tourism and creatively using carp skin to create accessories.
In addition to food production, ponds provide ecosystem services such as water retention, flood control and carbon sequestration, helping to regulate local microclimates. They also serve as important habitats for many species of birds, insects and aquatic organisms, contributing to the biodiversity of the region.
Maintaining this diverse ecosystem also helps preserve the genetic diversity of carp and other species, which is important for adapting to future environmental changes.
Agroforestry system of Salak cultivation in Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia
The agroforestry system in Karangasem, Bali – the driest area on the island – combines the cultivation of salak – rattan fruit with a variety of other crops. The system was developed by the indigenous people of Bali using the traditional subak water management system.
The system enhances biodiversity, conserves water, sequesters carbon and supports food security, while preserving cultural heritage and sustaining local livelihoods.
Every part of the salak tree is utilized to enhance sustainability and resource efficiency. At the same time, this system combines salak with a variety of other crops such as mango, banana and medicinal plants, creating a rich, biodiverse agricultural landscape.
Rooted in traditional Balinese philosophies such as “Tri Hita Karana” and “Tri Mandala”, this system reflects the harmonious relationship between humans, nature and spirituality and has been recognized by UNESCO as a Cultural Landscape Heritage.
Cocoa agroforestry systems in Sao Tome and Principe
The agroforestry system of Sao Tome and Principe is renowned for its high-quality Amelonado cocoa. The system combines traditional farming with a variety of crops to enhance food security, strengthen household livelihoods, preserve cultural heritage and maintain biodiversity. Despite a history of slavery, inequality and conflict, the system exemplifies the resilience of its people in their commitment to sustainable practices and development.
Cocoa is the main export earner, but integrating different crops such as bananas, breadfruit and taro provides additional food and income sources, enhancing resilience to market fluctuations and environmental stress.
Sao Tome and Principe's rainforests are a global conservation priority, with the second highest level of bird and animal conservation among Africa's 75 forests. The country is a leader in organic farming, with over 25% of its farmland certified organic.
Local cooperatives focus on high-quality products, fair trade and the participation of both women and men, promoting gender inclusion and improving farmers' livelihoods.
Source: https://www.mard.gov.vn/Pages/bo-sung-ba-dia-diem-moi-vao-he-thong-di-san-nong-nghiep-quan-trong-toan-cau-giahs-.aspx
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