Common types of psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic disease that causes itchy, scaly rashes, primarily on the knees, elbows, trunk, and scalp, and can occur at any age.

According to Dr. Dang Thi Ngoc Bich, a dermatologist and cosmetic skin specialist at Tam Anh General Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, psoriasis is characterized by flaky patches of skin. The affected areas are pink or red, even purple or dark brown. The scales themselves can be gray, white, or silver. These patches can appear anywhere on the body, but are most commonly found on the elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back.

Psoriasis is a chronic, non-contagious disease that can occur at any age, but most commonly appears in people aged 20-30 and 50-60, with roughly equal rates in men and women. Most people with psoriasis are affected by small patches of skin, but in some cases, these patches may be itchy or painful.

Common signs and symptoms of psoriasis include patchy rashes of varying shapes, from small, dandruff-like scales to large, widespread lesions. In people with brown or black skin, the rash is often purple. In white people, the rash is pink or red with silvery scales. Psoriasis lesions cause dry, cracked, itchy, burning skin, and may bleed or be painful. In children, the scaly patches may be smaller than in adults. The rash occurs in cycles, flaring up for weeks or months and then subsiding.

The patient has psoriasis. Photo: Freepik

According to Dr. Dang Thi Ngoc Bich, psoriasis is classified into clinical forms including common psoriasis, guttate psoriasis, plaque psoriasis, inverse psoriasis, erythrodermic psoriasis, pustular psoriasis, seborrheic psoriasis, diaper psoriasis, and psoriatic arthritis.

Plaque psoriasis (common psoriasis) accounts for the majority of cases. Psoriasis typically appears as red patches with white scales on the backs of the forearms, lower legs, navel area, and scalp. The condition causes dry, itchy, raised patches of skin (plaques) covered in scales. The patches vary in color depending on skin tone.

Guttate psoriasis is characterized by small, scaly, teardrop-shaped lesions on the trunk, arms, or legs. It primarily affects young adults and children. The condition is often triggered by bacterial infections such as streptococcal pharyngitis. Guttate psoriasis typically begins with a streptococcal infection (mouth, throat, or perianal) and usually develops 1–3 weeks after the infection. It is most commonly seen in children and young adults.

Pustular psoriasis (Rarely) manifests as small, non-infected, pus-filled blisters, causing distinct purulent lesions. Psoriasis can spread or occur on small areas of the palms or soles of the feet.

Inverse psoriasis (also known as fold psoriasis) forms red patches on skin folds (groin, buttocks, breasts, around the genitals). Temperature, trauma, and infection play a role in the development of this atypical form of psoriasis. Those affected develop smooth, inflamed patches of skin that worsen with friction and sweating.

Erythrodermic psoriasis (less common) occurs when the rash spreads and can develop from any other type of psoriasis. It usually involves more than 90% of the body surface area. The affected skin may be dry, itchy, swollen, and severely painful. Erythrodermic psoriasis covers the entire body with a scaly rash that can be intensely itchy or burning. The condition can be short-lived (acute) or long-term (chronic).

Nail psoriasis causes pitting, abnormal nail growth, and discoloration in both fingernails and toenails. Psoriatic nails may loosen and separate from the nail bed (nail fungus), and in more severe cases, the nails may crumble.

Infantile psoriasis (diaper psoriasis) is characterized by the appearance of red, scaly papules in the diaper area of ​​infants, which may extend to the trunk or limbs.

Oral psoriasis (very rare) may be asymptomatic, appearing as white or yellowish-gray patches. A cracked tongue is the most common finding in people with oral psoriasis.

Seborrheic psoriasis typically manifests as red, scaly, oily patches in areas that produce a lot of sebum, such as the scalp, forehead, nasal folds, skin around the mouth, skin on the chest above the sternum, and skin folds.

Nguyen Van

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