Scoliosis in children

Scoliosis is common in children and can be prevented by choosing appropriate desks and chairs, maintaining a comfortable sitting position, and performing exercises that strengthen the back and abdominal muscles.

Scoliosis in children is a condition where the spine is abnormally curved, like a C or S shape, instead of being straight as it naturally should be. According to Dr. Ta Ngoc Ha, Department of Spinal Surgery, Tam Anh General Hospital, Hanoi , most cases go undetected until the child reaches puberty. Characteristic signs include uneven or slanted shoulders, one side higher than the other, hip misalignment, and an uneven waist circumference.

Severe cases may present with symptoms such as changes in gait, reduced range of motion, lower back pain, shortness of breath, and cardiovascular abnormalities. Many cases of scoliosis in children show no obvious signs and are only detected during routine health screenings.

Incorrect desk and chair heights during studying can lead to spinal curvature in children. (Image: Freepik) — Incorrect desk and chair heights during studying can lead to spinal curvature in children. (Image: *Freepik)*

According to Dr. Ha, scoliosis can be caused by injury, congenital factors, or tumors. Incorrect posture is one of the preventable causes. Parents should encourage their children to exercise regularly to strengthen their back and abdominal muscles, promoting flexibility and strength in their musculoskeletal structure. This will help prevent the formation and progression of scoliosis. Swimming and gymnastics are suitable sports .

A healthy diet, rich in protein, vitamins, calcium, and other minerals, also helps increase bone density. Children need to maintain a healthy weight to avoid putting pressure on their spine.

In daily life, it is necessary to practice correct posture when walking, standing, lying down, and sitting, especially when studying. Parents should provide sturdy desks and chairs that are suitable for the child's height, and ensure the study area has sufficient lighting.

Children should sit upright with both feet flat on the floor, forming a 75-105 degree angle between their lower legs and thighs, and with their backs straight. They can lean against the back of the chair, but should not slouch to the left or right; they should not bend their heads too low, with their heads and necks slightly tilted forward, and their hands neatly placed on the table. Children should not sit for too long while studying, taking breaks after 35-45 minutes. Avoid carrying overly heavy school bags; a bag worn on both shoulders is recommended.

If left undetected and untreated, scoliosis can worsen during a child's growth, leading to hip misalignment, stunted growth, back pain, leg pain, muscle weakness, and loss of mobility. Severe cases can even affect cardiopulmonary function.

Doctor Ha during a spinal surgery. Photo: Freepik — Doctor Ha during a spinal surgery. Photo: *Tam Anh General Hospital.*

Dr. Ha stated that treatment methods for scoliosis depend on the severity of the condition. In mild cases, where the curvature does not affect daily activities or seriously impact physical health, invasive procedures are not necessary. Patients can gradually improve and recover through exercise, physical therapy as directed by their doctor, or by wearing a brace.

In severe cases, where the child's spinal curvature exceeds 40-45 degrees and braces are ineffective, surgery is indicated to relieve pain and correct the curvature. The surgery involves realigning and fixing the vertebrae to correct the curvature and prevent further progression.

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