Under the leadership of the Party and President Ho Chi Minh , the people of the whole country rose up together, carried out a General Uprising to seize power throughout the country, and on August 19, 1945, ending more than 80 years of our people under the yoke of colonialism and fascism, the country gained independence, our people became the masters of the country, masters of their own destiny, thereby leaving us many valuable lessons in the current revolutionary period.
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| On the morning of August 19, 1945, hundreds of thousands of people in Hanoi and neighboring provinces followed all routes to the Hanoi Opera House Square to attend the largest ever rally of the revolutionary masses, responding to the General Uprising to seize power. (Photo: VNA ) |
The greatest event in the history of the Vietnamese revolution
In early 1945, World War II entered its final stage. The Soviet Red Army won consecutive decisive victories on the European battlefield, liberating a series of countries and advancing straight into the German fascist lair in Berlin. On May 9, 1945, Nazi Germany surrendered unconditionally, ending the war in Europe. On August 8, 1945, the Soviet Red Army launched a stormy attack on the Japanese army. On August 14, 1945, Japanese fascists surrendered unconditionally, ending World War II. According to the agreement of the Allies, after the Japanese fascists surrendered, the British and Chiang Kai-shek armies would enter Indochina to disarm the Japanese army. Meanwhile, the French colonialists were eager to rely on the Allies to restore their dominant position; the American imperialists behind these forces were also ready to intervene in Indochina; Reactionary, stubborn elements in the Japanese puppet government are plotting to replace the master and oppose the revolution.
In the country, after the rehearsals, by 1945, the revolutionary movement had risen. On March 9, 1945, the Japanese fascists staged a coup to oust the French. That very night, the Central Committee's expanded meeting decided to launch a revolutionary movement as a premise for a general uprising, changing the forms of propaganda, agitation, organization and struggle appropriately. In March 1945, the Party Central Committee issued the Directive " Japan - France fighting each other and our actions". In April 1945, the Central Committee convened the Northern Military Revolutionary Conference, decided on many important issues, and unified the armed forces into the Vietnam Liberation Army. On April 16, 1945, the Viet Minh General Department issued a Directive to organize the National Liberation Committees at all levels and prepare to establish the Vietnam National Liberation Committee, that is, the Provisional Revolutionary Government of Vietnam.
From April 1945 onwards, the anti-Japanese national salvation movement took place strongly, rich in content and form. In early May 1945, Uncle Ho returned to Tuyen Quang from Cao Bang, choosing Tan Trao as the base to direct the revolution of the whole country and prepare for the National Congress. On June 4, 1945, the Viet Bac Liberation Zone was established, under the leadership of the Provisional Command Committee, becoming the base of the whole country. In August 1945, the National Conference of the Party held in Tan Trao (Tuyen Quang) affirmed: "A very good opportunity for us to gain independence has come" and decided to launch a nationwide uprising to seize power from the Japanese fascists and their lackeys before the Allies entered Indochina; proposing three principles to ensure the victory of the general uprising, which are: concentration, unity, and timeliness. At 11:00 p.m. on August 13, 1945, the Uprising Committee issued Military Order No. 1 calling on the entire people to launch a general uprising. On August 16, 1945, the National Congress held in Tan Trao approved the "10 major policies of the Viet Minh"; approved the "General Uprising Order" ; stipulated the national flag and national anthem; established the Central National Liberation Committee, that is, the Provisional Government with comrade Ho Chi Minh as President. President Ho Chi Minh sent a letter calling on the people of the whole country to launch a general uprising, stating: "The decisive hour for the destiny of our nation has come. The entire country, let's rise up and use our own strength to liberate ourselves."
Under the leadership of the Party and President Ho Chi Minh, the people of the whole country rose up, carried out a general uprising, and seized power. From August 14 to 18, the general uprising broke out and won victory in the rural areas of the Northern Delta, most of the Central region, part of the South, and in the towns of Bac Giang, Hai Duong, Ha Tinh, Hoi An, Quang Nam, etc. On August 19, the uprising to seize power was victorious in Hanoi. On August 23, the uprising was victorious in Hue and in Bac Can, Hoa Binh, Hai Phong, Ha Dong, Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Binh Dinh, Gia Lai, Bac Lieu, etc. On August 25, the uprising was victorious in Saigon - Gia Dinh, Kon Tum, Soc Trang, Vinh Long, Tra Vinh, Bien Hoa, Tay Ninh, Ben Tre, etc. In Con Dao, the Con Dao Prison Party Committee led the imprisoned revolutionary soldiers to rise up and seize power.
Within just 15 days at the end of August 1945, the general uprising achieved complete victory, and the power throughout the country was in the hands of the people.
On September 2, 1945, at the historic Ba Dinh Square (Hanoi), before a rally of nearly one million compatriots, President Ho Chi Minh, on behalf of the Provisional Government, solemnly read the Declaration of Independence, declaring to the nation and the world: The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (now the Socialist Republic of Vietnam) was born. Since then, September 2 has been our country's National Day.
From here, Vietnam entered a new era: the era of independence, freedom and socialism. This is one of the greatest events in the Vietnamese revolution.
The victory of the August Revolution in 1945 had a great significance: Under the leadership of the Party and the genius Ho Chi Minh, the Vietnamese people entered the ranks of the world's pioneering nations fighting for peace, independence, democracy and social progress. The Vietnamese people were one of the pioneering nations in the battle to eliminate colonialism in the world. The August Revolution affirmed its great international stature, contributing to encouraging colonial and dependent nations in the world to rise up to liberate their nations from oppression and exploitation.
The victory of the August Revolution once again affirmed the role and inevitability of the Party's leadership and the genius of Ho Chi Minh who brought our Party to the position of the ruling Party. The Party led the entire people, built up forces, created opportunities, seized opportunities when the domestic and international situation was favorable to lead the General Uprising. The Party's rule did not come naturally, but it had to be the result of great sacrifices and efforts of revolutionary soldiers, and was trusted and protected by the people.
Some hostile forces are hostile to the victory of our August Revolution and claim that: The Party has stolen credit from other organizations; that the victory of the August Revolution was just a stroke of luck... That is not stealing credit, a stroke of luck, but reality has proven that it is the result of the correct revolutionary line from the mettle and intelligence of the Party and the genius of Ho Chi Minh and the heroic struggles and sacrifices of countless communist soldiers, patriots and the nation, with the viewpoint of "using our own strength to liberate ourselves". That is, the rule of the Party and President Ho Chi Minh is an objective and legitimate necessity, the choice of history and the people.
Lessons learned and application in the current situation
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The victory of the August Revolution in 1945 was one of the most outstanding and greatest victories of the Vietnamese revolution in the 20th century, a brilliant milestone in the thousand-year history of our nation. It was the victory of the intelligence, mettle and indomitable fighting spirit of the entire Vietnamese people under the correct and creative leadership of the Party and President Ho Chi Minh. That victory left many valuable lessons, including the lesson of Party building as the core deciding the Vietnamese revolution.
First , the lesson on Party building. It can be said that right from the first difficult and arduous days of the revolution, our Party took on the role and mission of leading the Vietnamese revolution. With its intellectual fortitude, our Party and President Ho Chi Minh firmly steered the revolutionary boat, demonstrating: 15 years after its establishment, with nearly 5,000 Party members, the Party has gone through 4 major revolutionary movements: Revolutionary high tide 1930 - 1931; Struggle to restore the revolutionary movement 1932 - 1935; Democratic struggle 1936 - 1939; Revolutionary high tide directly fighting for power 1939 - 1945. Operating under conditions of fierce repression and terror by the French colonialists and their lackeys, many times, many Party organizations were broken, many Party leaders were arrested and killed, but the Party still rekindled the revolutionary fire, and consolidated the organizations. The Party's cadres and members were tested and trained in extremely dangerous realities, including challenges of life and death. In 15 years, 4 Party General Secretaries were arrested and murdered (comrades: Tran Phu, Le Hong Phong, Ha Huy Tap, Nguyen Van Cu). Leader Nguyen Ai Quoc was sentenced to death in absentia by the Vinh Court (Nghe An) in late 1929 in Vinh, Nghe An; was sentenced to prison by the British colonial government in Hong Kong from mid-1931 to early 1933 and by the Chiang Kai-shek government in Guangxi province, China from August 1942 to September 1943.
Overcoming all those difficulties, the Party has proactively built a correct platform, guidelines and action programs, suitable to the conditions and circumstances of each stage and period. The Party always takes the theory of Marxism-Leninism as a compass for action in the struggle to realize the aspiration for national independence and socialism. The General Uprising to seize revolutionary power in August 1945 was the strength of the Party built on the basis of the great national unity bloc. Thanks to that, when the Party called on the People to rise up to make a revolution, everyone was one, united into an extremely great strength, the General Uprising force quickly spread across the country in just a few weeks, smashing the yoke of colonialism and feudalism, bringing the nation into a new era of national independence associated with socialism.
Apply this lesson in the current situation in building and rectifying the Party in terms of politics, ideology, organization, ethics and cadres to build a clean and strong Party.
First of all, every cadre and party member, especially the leader, needs to be aware and set an example in action to prove that the Party is worthy of the people's trust in its role and responsibility as the leading force of society. People trust the Party, the Party trusts the People is still a hot lesson from the August Revolution to overcome difficulties and challenges to fulfill the mission that the people trust and entrust.
The Party must build the right guidelines and propose appropriate policies; strengthen the building of the political system, especially the building of a State of the people, by the people, for the people led by the Party, and the building of the Fatherland Front and socio-political organizations. The Party must firmly adhere to Marxist-Leninist theory and grasp the domestic and international situation to resolve relations in the context of many unpredictable changes in the world.
The Party must fight uncompromisingly against acts of corruption, moral degradation, lifestyle degradation, degeneration, "self-evolution" and "self-transformation" that violate the law. Be exemplary in words and deeds, close to the people, and strive for the interests of the people. Promote the leadership role of cadres and party members, especially leaders, in the current difficult economic conditions, and practice the six dares: dare to think, dare to speak, dare to do, dare to take responsibility, dare to innovate, dare to face difficulties and challenges, and be resolute in action for the common good. Avoid group interests, opportunistic personal gain, favoritism toward relatives, and at the same time fight against the fear of doing anything when you are afraid of making mistakes.
Second, build a united national front, representing the great national solidarity bloc based on the solid foundation of the worker-peasant alliance, fighting for independence and freedom.
Thoroughly grasping and creatively applying the viewpoint of Marxism-Leninism on the role of the masses in history, "revolution is the cause of the masses". Promoting the tradition of national solidarity, right from its establishment and leading the people in the revolutionary struggle, the Party paid great attention to building a united national front. From 1930 to 1941, through many stages of experimenting with building a united national front, especially with the birth of the Viet Minh front (in 1941), it ensured that the great national solidarity bloc was firmly and extensively established. With the correct policy of "uniting all classes of people, regardless of religion and political tendency, class, uniting to fight to expel the French and Japanese to gain independence...", along with diverse and rich organizational methods, the Viet Minh front became the nucleus gathering and rallying all classes and strata of people to stand in its ranks to liberate the nation from the oppression and exploitation of French colonialists and Japanese fascists, and to seize power for the people.
It can be said that the great national solidarity bloc, with the core being the workers and peasants - the especially important factor contributing to the victory of the August Revolution, is even more important in the revolutionary cause at the present stage in an integrated, globalized world; in the cause of promoting industrialization and modernization of the country to turn our country into an industrialized country in a modern direction.
According to the spirit of the August Revolution, solidarity needs to be built on the basis of the Party's platform and guidelines, the State's policies and laws; promoting the people's mastery; building social consensus, respecting individual opinions as long as those opinions do not harm the overall development of the country.
Solidarity in the current revolutionary period also requires active political education, raising awareness of patriotism; fighting against the wrong views and actions of hostile forces and against all actions that harm national unity, against inciting ethnic hatred, against all negativity in the political system and in society.
Third, promptly create opportunities, seize opportunities, flexibly and proactively apply them creatively to carry out uprisings to seize power.
If you want to have an opportunity, you must know how to create an opportunity, and when the opportunity comes, you must take advantage of it and seize the opportunity, not miss it. This is a content of special importance in the art of leading the revolution. The August 1945 general uprising is a vivid demonstration of the sharpness in assessing and directing the uprising opportunity of our Party and President Ho Chi Minh. During the August 1945 Revolution, seizing the opportunity was demonstrated right when the Party made predictions about the revolutionary situation so that the Vietnamese people could rise up and take power for the people. When the Japanese fascists opened fire to overthrow the French colonialists in Indochina (March 9, 1945), with the directive "Japan and France fight each other and our actions" (March 12, 1945), the expanded Central Standing Committee Conference assessed the situation and predicted two possible scenarios: first, the allied forces entered Indochina to fight the Japanese; Second, the Japanese fascists surrendered to the Allies. And the situation happened exactly as our Party predicted, on August 14, 1945, the Japanese fascists announced their unconditional surrender to the Allies, causing the Japanese army in Indochina to be extremely confused, and at the same time, the pro-Japanese government in Vietnam also appeared completely paralyzed. At this point, the enemy of the Vietnamese revolution had weakened, no longer able to rule as before, the "once in a thousand years" opportunity for us to seize power had appeared, requiring us to act quickly and resolutely. If we did not promptly launch a general uprising to seize power, it would not be possible "for ten thousand years" because at this time the Chiang and British armies were ready to jump into Vietnam to disarm the Japanese army, but in reality it was to carry out the new plot of imperialism in the name of allies. Faced with that extremely urgent and favorable situation, the Party decided to mobilize the entire people to rise up in a general uprising to seize power, and from August 14 to 28, 1945, with a flexible combination of forms and methods of struggle, both political and armed, propaganda combined with revolutionary violence, aiming to divide and isolate the enemy, the General Uprising won a quick, neat, and thoroughly successful victory.
Applying that viewpoint, our Party now needs to correctly assess the situation and make correct decisions in accordance with the reality and trends of the times. Knowing how to act to create the right time and seize the opportunity to act is an urgent requirement for effective action.
Promote the role and responsibility of cadres and party members in recognizing, analyzing, seizing and making good use of opportunities in the current context. The rapid development of science and technology does not allow us to sit and wait, but we need to act and make decisions to take shortcuts and get ahead. Therefore, the task of forecasting plays an important role in the national development strategy. Forecasting must be accurate and precise to have effective solutions in decisions. Promote internal strength, combine internal strength well with external strength to create a comprehensive strength for national development in the period of international integration.
Fourth, firmly uphold the goal of national independence and socialism, properly resolve the relationship between nation and democracy, and oppose imperialism and feudalism.
Right from the time our Party was founded, in the "Brief Platform" drafted by leader Nguyen Ai Quoc, it affirmed the development direction of the Vietnamese revolution: to carry out bourgeois democratic revolution and land revolution to move towards a communist society. From that direction, in the process of leading the people to fight for power, starting from the fact that our country was a semi-feudal colony, with national contradictions being the main contradiction, the Party was flexible in properly resolving the relationship between nation and democracy, between fighting against imperialism and feudalism, in which it determined to put the task of gaining national independence first, the task of class struggle was carried out step by step appropriately at each stage, depending on the process of national liberation. It was the flexibility in properly resolving the relationship between fighting against imperialism and feudalism on the basis of firmly upholding the goals of national independence and socialism that met the sacred and urgent aspirations of the entire nation and helped the Party mobilize the strength of the entire nation with the determination to fight against French colonialism and Japanese fascism, leading to the victory of the August Revolution in 1945.
Faced with the current strong trend of globalization, the process of realizing the goal of national independence associated with socialism, our country also has to face many difficulties and challenges.
National independence associated with socialism is a revolutionary goal, consistent with the aspirations of the masses, for the benefit of the masses. Firmly upholding the goal of national independence associated with socialism is a consistent and correct policy of the Vietnamese revolution. Therefore, our Party needs to properly handle the relationship between national independence and socialism, the nation and the era. Therefore, all arguments distorting the relationship between national independence and socialism, demanding the abolition of socialism... are contrary to the rights and interests of the people and the nation. These arguments need to be exposed, fought against and eliminated.
The 78th anniversary of the August Revolution and National Day on September 2nd helps us to be more fully aware of the talented leadership role of our Party and the great President Ho Chi Minh on the role of the masses in the revolution... From there, we determine the responsibility of today's generations in creatively applying and developing the valuable lessons of the August Revolution in the cause of building and defending the Fatherland. Contributing to comprehensively promoting the renovation process, building a peaceful, unified, free, independent and prosperous Vietnam, according to the goals of the Resolution of the 13th National Party Congress./.
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References:
- http://huyenuy.namtramy.quangnam.gov.vn/Default.aspx?tabid=1292&Group=219&NID=4395&cach-mang-thang-tam-nam-1945--su-kien-vi-dai-trong-lich-su-dan-toc-viet-nam.
- https://tuyengiao.vn/nghien-cuu/ly-luan/bai-hoc-cua-cach-mang-thang-tam-doi-voi-su-nghiep-doi-moi-dat-nuoc-hien-nay-129524.
According to the Communist Party of Vietnam
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