According to the Ministry of Planning and Investment, studying the experiences of Germany, Spain, and China shows that countries that have developed high-speed rail with speeds exceeding 300 km/hour are all countries that have mastered high-speed rail technology.
When investing in the development of high-speed rail, these countries already had complete freight rail networks and significantly higher GDPs than Vietnam.
Japan's Shinkansen railway has a speed of 350 km/hour.
The Ministry of Planning and Investment also cited the opinion of a German expert with over 40 years of experience managing 45,000 trains for 45 transport companies, who argued that freight transport is the only profitable option, while passenger transport requires government subsidies.
Specifically, regarding the script. 1 The Ministry of Transport proposed a design for a vessel with a speed of 350 km/hour, a load capacity of 17 tons per axle, and operating exclusively for passengers. However, the Ministry of Planning and Investment assessed that this scenario does not meet the requirements and directives of the Government and Conclusion 49 of the Politburo .
Regarding Scenario 2, which requires $72.02 billion in capital, has a design speed of 200-250 km/hour, a payload of 22.5 tons per axle, and utilizes both passenger and cargo trains, the Ministry of Planning and Investment believes this scenario meets the requirements of the Government's Party Committee and Conclusion 49. However, the content of the scenario does not fully comply with the recommendations of the State Appraisal Council dated April 18th.
Regarding scenario 3, which requires $71.6 billion in capital, has a design speed of 350 km/hour, a payload of 22.5 tons per axle, and is intended for passenger transport and cargo transport when needed, the Ministry of Planning and Investment stated that this scenario does not meet the requirements of the Government's Party Committee. Despite the design speed of 350 km/hour, the total investment is lower than scenario 2, which has a design speed of 250 km/hour.
In particular, the Ministry of Planning and Investment stated that currently, there is no high-speed railway line in the world with a design speed of 350 km/hour capable of carrying both passengers and goods. The Ministry of Transport's plan has not yet addressed the development of a railway industry, moving towards mastering the technology.
Therefore, the Ministry of Planning and Investment proposes clarifying the proposal for developing the railway industry and creating human resources, and diversifying loan sources for the project to avoid technological dependence on lenders.
Regarding the design axle load, scenario 3 mentions a design load of 22.5 tons/axle. However, according to the experience of other countries, the design axle load for high-speed passenger railways is 17 tons/axle, while the standard axle load for Chinese freight trains is 23 tons/axle. Therefore, the Ministry of Planning and Investment proposes clarifying the basis for selecting the design load to ensure compliance with international standards.
Highlighting the advantages of high-speed trains (200 km/h) that can carry both passengers and freight, the Ministry of Planning and Investment also mentioned that high-speed rail projects in Japan, which are preparing for operation, are designed for speeds of only 250-260 km/h. New generation high-speed trains, optimized for operating costs, such as the ICE4 train developed by Siemens with a maximum operating speed of 250 km/h; and Alstom, which has begun producing new generation trains with speeds of 250 km/h for Nordic countries.
Previously, at the end of 2022, the Ministry of Planning and Investment proposed to the Ministry of Transport a plan to build a North-South railway with an operating speed of 180-225 km/hour, transporting passengers and goods, with an investment cost of approximately 64.8 billion USD.
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