Although it cannot replace humans, the explosion of artificial intelligence requires the workforce to change to keep up with the trend.
Today, artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a powerful tool to boost human productivity. The World Economic Forum (WEF) has identified productivity enhancement as a key driver of potential economic growth, with a strong correlation between the use of AI in the workplace and higher productivity.
Need to upgrade human resources to meet the trend of artificial intelligence
Photo: Pham Hung
Profound changes for entire labor groups
According to a report released on April 29 by the Centre for Advanced Management Studies (CIGI, Canada), the shift in workers began even before the latest developments in AI. For example, personal computers and then tablets made the receptionist position almost obsolete in many places because customers could interact on their own.
Artificial intelligence has a big impact on labor shifts
Photo: Made by AI
According to the research organization Oxford Economics, robots could replace an additional 20 million jobs globally by 2030. Goldman Sachs (USA) also published a report estimating that AI could impact 300 million jobs globally due to automation. According to this report, in the US and Europe alone, up to 2/3 of the jobs can be applied to AI and 1/4 of the jobs can be replaced by AI.
AI is also having a complex impact on the global workforce, according to CIGI. For example, driverless cars will not only eliminate the need for human drivers, but are also predicted to reduce accidents, potentially reducing the number of police officers, paramedics , and auto repair workers.
The advent of creative AI has changed the workplace landscape. While automation has traditionally focused on manual workers, creative AI is impacting white-collar jobs in areas that have previously been closed to automation, such as auditing and marketing.
There are unintended consequences of AI's increasing penetration into the workforce. For example, there is a growing pay gap between the highest-paid, highly skilled, "AI-enabled" workers and the lowest-paid workers, which is making the workplace even more polarized.
Not the end of the world
Meanwhile, The Economist magazine has a commentary saying that we should not be too pessimistic about the risk of AI to the labor force. The article humorously said that changing "8 billion people" into robots is impossible, so there will be no "doomsday" for human jobs. Accordingly, in fact, in the US, there is a shortage of more than 500,000 manufacturing jobs and this number is up to 800,000 in the F&B sector (hotel and restaurant services).
The article cites the past, when workers in some places used to destroy factories when automated machinery systems appeared. But history also shows that when there are many machines like robots in automobile factories, human resources will move to another stage. According to the International Federation of Automation (IFR), even Korean companies, which are by far the countries that apply the most robots in the world , employ 10 production workers for each industrial robot. In the US, China, Europe and Japan, this figure is 25 - 40 workers/robot. According to consultants at the Boston Consulting Group (BCG), in 2020, the world spent about $ 25 billion on industrial robots, but this figure accounts for less than 1% of global capital spending. Of course, in order to not do the jobs that robots have replaced, workers must upgrade their capacity to be able to operate robots.
In this regard, the Goldman Sachs report emphasized that: "The historical displacement of workers from automation has been offset by the creation of new jobs and the emergence of new occupations following technological innovations that account for the majority of long-term employment growth. The combination of significant labor cost savings, new job creation, and higher productivity for workers who do not lose their jobs increases the potential for a productivity boom, thereby boosting significant economic growth." From there, Goldman Sachs stated that AI may take away many jobs but will create many new jobs.
But there is a structural change, requiring upgrading.
In its latest report assessing trends in global labor structure, WEF cited a survey on the future of work that took opinions from representatives of 803 companies employing a total of more than 11.3 million workers, distributed across 27 industry clusters and 45 economies around the world.
The results predict that 42% of business tasks will be automated by 2027. AI, a key driver of potential labor shifts, is expected to be adopted by nearly 75% of companies surveyed.
Most respondents said that agricultural technology, digital platforms and applications, e-commerce and digital commerce, and AI are all expected to lead to significant disruption in the labor market. But businesses also expect job displacement to be offset by job growth elsewhere, which will be a net positive. Nearly 50% of organizations surveyed expect AI to generate job growth, while less than 25% expect it to reduce jobs. For example, the rise of AI driving e-commerce could create millions of jobs for e-commerce development consultants.
However, during that transition, the WEF report suggests that retraining of human resources is needed. Specifically, employers estimate that 44% of workers' skills will change between 2023 and 2028. About 60% of the current workforce will need to be retrained by 2027, but the problem is that only 50% of them may actually be fully retrained. Up to 42% of business representatives participating in the WEF survey also rated training employees using AI and big data as the third priority in improving the quality of human resources.
Not just AI challenges
According to CIGI research, in addition to AI, there are other trends that are becoming challenges for the labor market. One is the shift of many tasks that are traditionally done by sales workers to consumers. Such as booking airline tickets and using self-checkout scanners in traditional stores. An even more advanced approach is selling products that require customers to assemble. The most prominent is the “IKEA effect” of self-assembly by shoppers, leading to the need for fewer workers in the manufacturing sector and fewer workers in downstream supply chains such as retail and service jobs. Another trend indirectly linked to job losses is the rapid expansion of the “sharing economy.” This reduces the need for people to have their own “things,” be it lawnmowers or cars, that can be “shared,” leading to less demand for manufacturing.The role of labor in consumption
Professor Manoj Pant (visiting professor at Shiv Nadar University, India) and Dr. Sugandha Huria (Indian Institute of Foreign Trade) analyzed the role of labor resources in the economy. Accordingly, although advances in AI have a profound impact on humanity, the impact of AI on workers may not be as scary as initially feared. From the perspective of the entire economy (economists call this "general equilibrium"), all capital and labor resources combine to produce all goods and services. Technology will then increase productivity, removing the limits imposed by resource constraints. However, consumption depends on each individual's income and only "labor" consumes. That leads to the bottom line: Increased productivity is ultimately meaningless without a market for the goods and services produced. In other words, if people do not work to earn income, they cannot consume. No matter how modern technology the economy applies, if the products are not bought, it is useless.Thanhnien.vn
Source: https://thanhnien.vn/nguon-nhan-luc-giua-lan-song-tri-tue-nhan-tao-18524043022445148.htm
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