In 1070, King Ly Nhan Tong ordered the construction of the Temple of Literature (south of Thang Long citadel) to worship the sages and virtuous figures. In 1076, he built the Imperial Academy (Quoc Tu Giam) next to the Temple of Literature to educate the children of the royal family. From 1253, King Tran Thai Tong allowed the children of commoners to study there, provided they possessed outstanding abilities. Over 700 years of operation, the Imperial Academy trained thousands of talented individuals and is considered the first university in Vietnam.
Khue Van Cac - sketch by Phan Anh Thu
Sketches by architect Dang Phuoc Tue
Within the Temple of Literature - National University, there are many representative structures. Khue Van Cac, meaning the Khue Star Pavilion (a symbol of academic achievement, peace , and culture), was built in 1805 during the Nguyen Dynasty. The structure depicted on the back of this 100,000 dong banknote is a square-shaped pavilion.
Sketch by architect Bui Hoang Bao
Sketches by artist Doan Quoc
Sketch by Nguyen Tan Dung - Student of Da Nang University of Architecture
Eight roofs (four upper, four lower), intricately carved wood depicting flowers, leaves, scrolls, book chests, etc. The square Thien Quang Well symbolizes the earth, reflecting the light of the sky (heavenly light). Ho Van Lake (also known as Ho Giam Lake), in the middle of which is Kim Chau hill, where ancient scholars discussed literature.
Sketches by artist Dang Viet Loc
Sketch by Ngo Quoc Thuan - Student at Nguyen Tat Thanh University
The doctoral steles, placed on stone turtles (symbolizing longevity and wisdom), were erected by King Le Thanh Tong in 1484 to honor those who passed the doctoral examinations from the 1442 examination onwards. Through many ups and downs, the garden of doctoral steles now contains 82 steles and was recognized by UNESCO as a World Documentary Heritage site in 2010.
Sketches by artist Ho Hung
Sketch by architect Bui Hoan
The Thunder Drum at Thai Hoc area - a sketch by architect Nguyen Khanh Vu.
82 doctoral steles recognized by UNESCO as a world documentary heritage - sketch by architect Nguyen Khanh Vu.
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