Causes of stomach polyps
Gastric polyps can occur equally in men and women of all ages. However, they tend to be more common in older people and particularly affect those over 65. Meanwhile, certain types of polyps, such as adenomatous polyps, are more often found in middle-aged women.
There are many causes of stomach polyps, some of which have been shown to pose significant risk factors, including:
- Chronic gastritis.
- Helicobacter pylori infection.
- Pernicious anemia.
- Prolonged damage to the gastric mucosa, such as from ulcers.
- Use of proton pump inhibitors for extended periods, such as omeprazole.
In addition, genetic factors also play a role in polyp formation. A person may have a higher risk of developing stomach polyps if there is a family history of the condition. Similarly, the likelihood of developing polyps increases if there are other inherited gastrointestinal disorders.
Gastric polyps can occur equally in men and women of all ages.
Common types of stomach polyps
- Hyperplastic polyps: These are the most common type of polyp in people with gastritis, forming as a chronic inflammatory response in the cells lining the inside of the stomach. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria are the primary cause of this type of polyp. Most hyperplastic polyps are not cancerous, but those larger than 2 cm in diameter have a higher risk of becoming cancerous.
- Adenomatous polyps: Adenomatous polyps are formed from glandular cells on the lining of the stomach. This type of polyp occurs in people with a rare genetic syndrome called familial adenomatous polyposis, and in those who frequently use antacids. While not usually a serious concern, adenomatous polyps larger than 1 cm in diameter should be surgically removed because they can become cancerous.
- Adenomatous tumors, also known as adenomas: Adenomatous tumors are the most common type of gastric polyp, but they are also the most likely to develop into gastric cancer. Adenomatous tumors are associated with gastritis, and adenomatous polyposis has a familial component, meaning that if someone in your family has adenoma, the risk of other family members developing the condition is higher compared to families without a history of the disease.
Diagnosis of gastric polyps
The best method for diagnosing gastric polyps is gastroscopy. Gastroscopy allows for the detection of very small polyps, approximately 1-2 mm in size, and identifies their location, size, number, shape, and any complications such as inflammation, ulcers, and bleeding. Through gastroscopy, doctors can perform polyp biopsies for cell analysis to determine the type of polyp and whether complications have occurred.
Symptoms of stomach polyps
Stomach polyps usually don't cause any signs or symptoms. However, as a stomach polyp grows larger, open sores may develop on its surface. Rarely, polyps can block the passage between the stomach and the small intestine. If a blockage occurs, signs and symptoms of stomach polyps include:
- Pain or tenderness when pressing on the abdomen.
- Nausea
- Blood in the stool
- Anemia
Treatment of gastric polyps
Stomach polyps usually do not cause any signs or symptoms.
- If it's a small polyp that isn't an adenoma, these polyps may not require treatment. They usually don't cause signs and symptoms and rarely become cancerous. Your doctor may recommend regular monitoring.
- If the polyps are large, they may need to be removed. Most stomach polyps can be removed during a colonoscopy.
- If it's an adenoma, also known as an adenoma, these are polyps that can become cancerous and are usually removed during endoscopy.
- If the polyps are related to familial adrenal polyposis, these polyps are removed because they can become cancerous. Your doctor may recommend follow-up endoscopy to check for polyps periodically.
- Treating H. pylori infection. If you have gastritis caused by H. pylori bacteria in your stomach, your doctor may recommend antibiotic treatment. Treating H. pylori infection can make hyperplastic polyps disappear and can also prevent polyp recurrence.
In summary: Gastric polyps are a common problem, although the vast majority of gastric polyps, over 90%, are not cancerous. Certain types of polyps require further examination to ensure there are no precancerous cells or a high risk of malignant transformation. Therefore, regular check-ups and screenings, especially for middle-aged individuals or those at high risk, are essential for early treatment and long-term improvement.
Source: https://giadinh.suckhoedoisong.vn/polyp-da-day-co-nguy-co-ung-thu-khong-172241001154948645.htm
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