Vietnam with many potentials and strengths in the development of the marine economy. The 8th Conference of the Party Central Committee (Session XII) issued Resolution No. 36-NQ/TW on "The strategy of sustainable development of Vietnam's marine economy by 2030, with a vision to 2045", determined that by 2030 Vietnam to become a strong marine country; Basically achieving criteria for marine economic sustainable development; forming marine ecological culture; Actively adapt to climate change.

Attracting many large projects

According to TS. Le Van Hung - Institute of Sustainable Development Research in the Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences) by 2023, Vietnam had a total of 18 coastal economic (EZs) established. The coastal EZs are largely concentrated in the Central Coast region (11 areas), the Northern region has 4 areas and the southern region has 3 areas (not to mention Ninh Co EZ, Nam Dinh Province has been added to the planning for development of coastal zones of Vietnam).

The coastal zones mostly have a huge planning area, such as Van Phong EZ with an area of ​​150,000 ha, Nghi Son EZ after adjustment is 106,000ha, Phu Quoc EZ nearly 60,000ha, Van Don EZ more than 55,000ha.

PhD. Le Van Hung said that the large area of ​​large area is very important in building infrastructure synchronously and overall in the long term. Helping coastal zones is not merely the places for production and business, but these areas can become new cities to create a favorable environment for workers and residents to live.

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Chu Lai port. Photo: GX

In terms of attracting investment capital, in about 20 years since its inception, coastal EZs have attracted many investment projects in production and business. As of 2021, 506 foreign projects were invested and 1648 domestic investment projects attracted coastal zones. In particular, Bien Bien Dinh Vu - Cat Hai EZ attracts the largest number of projects with 205 foreign investment projects, 105 domestic investment projects; Nghi Son EZ attracts 19 foreign projects and 233 domestic projects; Dung Quat EZ attracts 49 foreign projects and 195 domestic projects.

Coastal zones have attracted about 49 billion USD of foreign direct investment, 1,245.5 trillion dong of investment capital from domestic projects.

“By attracting large investment projects, coastal EZs quickly become the locomotive in contributing to the budget revenue of the provinces/cities. Currently, many coastal zones contribute greatly to the budget revenue of the provinces such as Dung Quat EZ contribute 80%of the total budget revenue of the province, Chu Lai EZ contribute 65%, Nghi Son EZ contributes 61.3%of the KKT to create a large number of Phu Quoc KKT. for workers.

For difficult provinces, this is an important budget to help localities continue to invest in infrastructure for socio -economic development. For these localities, coastal EZs are really the most important growth for industry development and local budget revenue ... ”, Dr. Le Van Hung assessed.

According to this position, coastal zones have begun to form a number of industry assembly clusters such as in Chu Lai EZ in car production and assembly, tourism in Phu Quoc, oil filtration clusters in Dung Quat Economic Zone, Nghi Son ...

Contribute greatly to local economic development

PhD. Le Van Hung acknowledged that the coastal economic zone initially made positive contributions to the development process to localities, especially the process of promoting industrial development and restructuring to gradually narrow the development gap between regions.

The positive contributions can be mentioned as a number of coastal EZs have created a significant change in economic development for provinces and cities to attract investment capital, contribute to industrial value, export value, pay state budget, improve labor productivity. Many coastal zones really support the pillar and contribute greatly to local economic development such as Nghi Son, Dinh Vu - Cat Hai, Vung Ang, Chu Lai, Dung Quat and Phu Quoc.

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Chu Lai Economic Zone is contributing a large budget to Quang Nam province

Thanks to the formation of coastal economic zones, socio -economic infrastructure in localities is gradually completed. A number of coastal zones have significantly shifted to connected transportation, port systems and port logistics services, airports, industrial zones, training facilities, health services thanks to both budget investment and mobilization from domestic and foreign private sectors.

However, according to TS. Le Van Hung besides positive results, coastal zones also revealed some limitations such as not really attracting quality investors, capable of creating branded products and competitiveness in the international market.

In particular, enterprises have not yet created a great spread of industry development and supporting industries to create specialization in development. Therefore, linking and cooperation between enterprises in the area, between FDI enterprises and domestic areas, between enterprises in the area and outside the area is still very limited ...

In addition, large enterprises attracting coastal zones are mainly focused on the fields of resource -intensive and energy consumption (such as petrochemical filter, steel, thermal power, chemicals, cement, construction materials), so the risks of negative impacts on the environment are unavoidable, especially the impact on the ecological environment in the long term.

In addition, the process of construction and business activities The management of ecological environmental protection has not really been strictly controlled and protected. Many coastal zones still lack centralized wastewater treatment areas, lack of hazardous waste collection areas and waste.

In order to promote coastal zones, it really becomes local and regional development motivation, PhD. Le Van Hung proposed that Vietnam should study aimed at the pilot policies to create a development environment from 2 to 3 coastal zones in the region. At that time, the new resources were really focused on perfecting infrastructure, social services and protection and restoration tools to create truly sustainable coastal EZs.

At the same time, coastal zones need to pilot a number of development models such as Green Industrial Park, production and business activities in the direction of specialization/focus on a specific industry/field group.

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