Some new and important issues in the Draft Documents to be submitted to the 14th National Party Congress

Implementing the direction of General Secretary To Lam , Head of the Document Subcommittee, on October 21, 2025, the XIV Congress Documents Editorial Team provided "Report on some new and important issues in the Draft Documents submitted to the XIV Party Congress" as a reference document for cadres, party members and people in the process of discussing and commenting on the Draft Documents of the XIV Congress that have been published to widely solicit public opinions.

Time for collecting public opinions from October 15, 2025 to November 15, 2025.

Vietnam News Agency respectfully introduces the full text of the Report on a number of new and important issues in the Draft Documents to be submitted to the 14th National Party Congress as follows:

Photo caption — Panorama of the opening session of the 10th session of the 15th National Assembly . Photo: Doan Tan/VNA

The 14th National Congress of the Party is a major political event, of decisive significance for the future development of the country in the new era. In the context of the world undergoing rapid, profound and unpredictable changes; the country is vigorously implementing very important strategic decisions, the documents submitted to the 14th Congress not only summarize the development journey of the past 5 years, determine the goals and tasks for the next 5 years but also shape the strategic thinking, vision and development orientation of the country to the mid-21st century. The Draft Documents submitted to the 14th Congress with many innovations in structure and content have demonstrated the spirit of looking straight at the truth, objectively assessing the situation, on that basis proposing a system of guiding viewpoints, development goals of the country, orientations, key tasks and breakthrough solutions for rapid and sustainable development of the country, demonstrating the strong aspiration of the whole nation in the new era.

This report is designed to focus on highlighting new and important issues in the Draft Documents submitted to the 14th National Party Congress. Thereby, it helps cadres, party members and people to study and understand the spirit of the Draft Documents, effectively contribute to the process of discussing and perfecting the documents, and at the same time spread the spirit of innovation, the aspiration for development and the determination to build a rich, prosperous, civilized, happy country, firmly moving towards socialism.

I- NEW POINTS ON THE TOPIC AND STRUCTURE OF THE DRAFT DOCUMENT

1. On the topic of the Congress

The theme of the 14th National Party Congress is: Under the glorious flag of the Party, join hands and unite to successfully achieve the country's development goals by 2030; be strategically autonomous, self-reliant, self-confident, and move forward strongly in the era of national growth, for peace, independence, democracy, wealth, prosperity, civilization, happiness, and steadily move towards socialism.

The determination of the above Congress theme demonstrates the unity of thought and action, consolidates confidence, affirms the Party's mettle and intelligence and the strength of the entire nation, and continues to arouse the aspiration to build and develop a strong and prosperous country, standing shoulder to shoulder with the world powers in the new era. The determination of the Congress theme is based on a number of main bases and requirements as follows:

(1) The Congress theme must demonstrate the position and role of the 14th Party Congress, which has a turning point and is a particularly important milestone on the path of national development. The Congress takes place at a time when the entire Party, people and army are making efforts to successfully implement the goals, policies, guidelines and tasks identified in the Resolution of the 13th Party Congress; associated with summarizing 40 years of carrying out the renovation process. The Congress has the task of reviewing the implementation of the Resolution of the 13th Party Congress, making an overall assessment of the renovation process, deciding on goals, directions and tasks for the next 5 and 10 years and a vision to 2045. In the context of the world and regional situation evolving very quickly, complicatedly and unpredictably; the country is facing many advantages and opportunities intertwined with great difficulties and challenges and many new issues that need to be solved; Cadres, party members and people place their hopes on the 14th Congress with the Party's correct and strong decisions to lead the country forward in the new era.

(2) The theme of the Congress must be a message expressing the call, encouragement, motivation, and direction for the entire Party, people, and army to continue to comprehensively, synchronously, and extensively promote the innovation process, take advantage of all opportunities, be determined to overcome all difficulties and challenges, be strategically autonomous, self-reliant, confident, and move forward in the new era - the era of the Vietnamese nation's rise; successfully achieve the country's development goals by 2030 when our Party celebrates its 100th anniversary (1930 - 2030); and aim to realize the vision by 2045, celebrating the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1945 - 2045).

(3) The Congress theme must be concise, reflecting the general goals, core ideological contents, and clearly showing the most important elements, including: the Party's leadership; the role of the People and the strength of the entire nation; on the continued innovation and the goal of national development in the new era; inheriting and developing themes in previous Congresses, especially the 13th National Party Congress.

2. On the structure of the Political Report

Compared to recent Congresses, the new point of this Political Report is the integration of the content of 3 documents, including: Political Report, Socio-Economic Report, and Party Building Summary Report. This integration demonstrates the spirit of continuing innovation in document drafting, based on the country's new realities, the development of theoretical awareness and implementation of the Party, ensuring consistency in content; concise, succinct, easy to understand, easy to remember, easy to implement.

Regarding the structure and presentation of the Political Report, there is inheritance and development, specifically:

- The 14th Congress Political Report adopts the structure and presentation of the document content by issue like recent congresses with 15 issues. The structure and names of the issues are arranged, adjusted, and supplemented in accordance with the reality and development requirements, accurately reflecting the reality and clearly defining the goals and tasks of national development of the 14th Party Congress term and the vision to 2045, clearly expressing revolutionary, action-oriented, highly feasible messages; comprehensive but clearly focused and key.

- The new point in the overall content throughout the Report is to emphasize the viewpoints, goals, orientations, development methods, resources, and new development drivers, including: (1) Establishing a new growth model with science and technology, innovation, and digital transformation as the main driving force; identifying this as the central content of the country's development model; developing the private economy as the most important driving force of the economy; developing high-quality human resources and effectively exploiting the advantages of deep international integration. (2) Affirming the key role of Party building and rectification; preventing and combating corruption, waste, negativity, individualism, group interests, ideological, moral, and lifestyle degradation; strengthening control of power; improving the leadership, governing, and fighting capacity of the Party; Enhance the capacity of national development management and operational management of the apparatus in the political system, creating a foundation to maintain solidarity and unity within the entire Party, people and army, as well as ensuring consensus, synchronization and unity in planning and organizing the implementation of national development strategies.

- The most prominent new point in the design of the Draft Political Report of the 14th National Congress is that for the first time, the Action Program to implement the Resolution of the Congress of the 14th Party Central Committee is built as a component part of the Draft Report. The Action Program specifies specific programs, projects and plans to be implemented during the 5-year term, assigns specific responsibilities to Party committees at all levels from the Central to local levels, clearly indicates the progress, resources and necessary conditions for implementation, and serves as a basis for all levels and sectors to implement according to their assigned functions, tasks and powers. This policy aims to overcome the situation where after the National Congress, one has to wait for the concretization of the Resolution of the Congress (usually around the first half of the term); emphasizes the nature of action, concretizes and organizes the effective implementation of the Resolution of the 14th National Congress of the Party right before the Congress; proactively reviews, amends and immediately removes bottlenecks, overcomes limitations, inadequacies and conflicts; closely follow the goals, guiding viewpoints, development orientations, key tasks and strategic breakthroughs to organize implementation immediately after the Congress.

II- SOME NEW AND IMPORTANT ISSUES OF THE DRAFT POLITICAL REPORT TO BE SUBMITTED TO THE 14TH PARTY CONGRESS

1. The Draft Political Report of the 14th National Congress marks a leap forward in development thinking when it distills and updates the viewpoints, goals, tasks, and breakthrough strategic decisions in the Politburo's resolutions issued from the end of 2024 to present, resolutions that act as "leverage" for implementation immediately before and after the Congress.

On the basis of the draft documents of the 14th National Congress, the Politburo directed the issuance of new resolutions which are important strategic decisions as the basis, driving force and breakthrough for the rapid and sustainable development of the country in the era of national development and continued to be refined, updated and developed in the Draft Political Report to:

(1) Institutionalize the Party's guidelines and policies, perfect the legal system, build a legal foundation and institutional framework, and create a transparent corridor for all decisions. (2) Continue to be proactive and active, promoting deep international integration not only to enhance the foreign position but also to mobilize global resources, protect national interests and expand the market for innovation. (3) Activate the breakthrough strategy for science and technology development, innovation, and national digital transformation as the main driving force, forming new value chains associated with innovation, digital transformation, green transformation, energy transformation, structural transformation and quality of human resources, focusing on the development of artificial intelligence. (4) Identifying the private economy as the most important driving force of the economy, promoting start-ups and strongly developing private economic types, effectively exploiting capital, land and technology, creating multi-dimensional momentum for dynamic, flexible and sustainable growth. (5) Continuing to implement the national energy transition policy towards a balance between traditional and renewable energy sources; deploying smart grids, ensuring energy security for development in the new context. (6) Focusing on transforming the structure and quality of human resources with a focus on developing a modern, open and integrated national education system with priority and specific policies and guidelines to strongly innovate the national education system; linking and promoting research and training with the development of domestic and international labor markets to train high-quality human resources to quickly meet the requirements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. (7) Implement policies and strategies for universal health care and improve people's lives and happiness, focusing on ensuring a solid grassroots health care network, proactive preventive health care, and applying digital technology in health care management, so that every citizen can enjoy high-quality health care services.

The logical connection from the institutional framework to economic dynamics, technology, modern governance and human development has created a fast-growing, sustainable ecosystem, not only outlining the roadmap but also mobilizing the combined strength of the whole society, realizing the aspiration of national development by 2045.

2. Clearly assessed the implementation results, lessons learned on implementation organization, and overcame the inherent weakness of many terms that "implementation organization is still the weak link"

The summary of this Congress's term has clearly pointed out and comprehensively summarized the important and outstanding results achieved, especially the strategic breakthroughs at the end of the term. The most prominent is the arrangement of the organizational apparatus and the construction of a 2-level local government model - a historic and revolutionary decision, helping to streamline the focal points, clarify responsibilities, expand development space, and strengthen the effectiveness of governance and administration from the province to the grassroots.

The implementation process clearly shows the correct leadership and direction of the Party, the decisive participation of the entire political system combined with regular urging, inspection and supervision, which are of decisive significance, especially the need to clearly assign people, tasks, responsibilities, progress, results and have a regular supervision mechanism. Thanks to that, the mentality of "formal achievements" is pushed back, replaced by the spirit of strongly focusing on real results, both "running" and "lining up" on schedule and effectively.

The important lesson learned about implementation is: We must thoroughly grasp the principle of "concentration, transparency, and responsibility" right from the project development stage; at the same time, flexibly and skillfully combine disciplinary action and encouraging creativity. The continuous inspection and evaluation mechanism has contributed to overcoming the inherent weakness that "implementation is still the weak link".

These experiences not only strengthen the belief in the political system's ability to strongly innovate, but also lay a solid foundation for new developments in the coming term.

3. Supplementing "Theory on the renovation path" as a component of the Party's ideological foundation

The first guiding viewpoint in the Draft Political Report states: "Firmly and creatively apply and develop Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh thought, and the theory of innovation." With this viewpoint, for the first time our Party identifies "the theory of innovation" as a component part of the Party's ideological foundation.

Adding "theory on the renovation path" to the Party's ideological foundation is a development of historical significance, demonstrating the maturity of theoretical thinking, the ability to summarize practice and the courage to self-renew of the Party; showing that the Party is not dogmatic, not stereotyped, but always knows how to inherit, supplement and develop creatively, linking theory with practice, enriching the theoretical and ideological treasure of the Vietnamese revolution. The theory on the renovation path is the creative application and development, concretization of the principles, the universal principles of Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh thought in accordance with the reality of 40 years of renovation in Vietnam, demonstrating the unity between theory and practice, between the goal of national independence and socialism, the breakthrough of our Party's basic theory on developing a socialist-oriented market economy and promoting deep international integration. The theory of the renovation policy is the sum of viewpoints, visions, and orientations for national development and firmly protecting the socialist Fatherland of Vietnam; the people are the center and the subject; firmly pursuing the goal of national independence and socialism; establishing a model of Vietnamese socialism with three fundamental pillars: a socialist-oriented market economy; a socialist rule-of-law state of the people, by the people, and for the people under the leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam; socialist democracy; successfully building a peaceful, independent, democratic, prosperous, prosperous, civilized, and happy socialist Vietnam. Accordingly, the theory of the renovation policy becomes a component part of the ideological foundation, continuing to lead the country to develop in the new era of the nation.

The addition of "theory on the path of innovation" to the Party's ideological foundation is also a testament to the vitality of Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh thought in new conditions, while affirming the Party's comprehensive and wise leadership role in firmly following the socialist path, while opening up the possibility of dynamic and creative development, in line with the country's reality and the trend of the times; it is a guiding torch that continues to lead us to successfully realize our aspirations, visions and strategic orientations, creating new development miracles in the era of national development.

4. Adding "environmental protection" together with economic and social development is a "central" task.

The second guiding viewpoint in the Draft Political Report states: "Economic and social development and environmental protection are central...", thus the Central Committee agrees to add "environmental protection" along with economic and social development as the "central" task.

The addition of "environmental protection" along with economic and social development as the central task in the Draft Document of the 14th Congress marks a step forward in developing a deep and solid awareness of sustainable development based on three pillars: Economy, society and environment. This is no longer a formal affirmation but a strategic commitment, placing environmental ecology as a measure in each development policy.
In the 1991 Platform and the Resolutions of the 7th, 8th, 13th Congresses, environmental protection and sustainable development were only mentioned in principle, while resource priorities were still focused on promoting economic development. The environment was often only considered a consequence that needed to be overcome after promoting the economy, and was not identified as a central task in each step and in each development policy. The fundamental innovation here is that environmental protection has been identified as a pillar to establish a new growth model. This means not trading off short-term benefits to ensure long-term benefits for the nation and future generations.

Internationally, Vietnam has committed to developing a green economy and to carbon neutrality by 2050, which is creating pressure as well as new opportunities for rapid and sustainable development of the country. The draft documents of the 14th National Congress have shown that Vietnam not only implements the agreements, but also attracts green capital, carbon credits and clean technology; through energy transition, circular economic development and promotion of science and technology, innovation and digital transformation. The application of environmental cost pricing mechanisms, "eco-tax", carbon credits and a strict legal framework will create strong leverage for green investment enterprises, while ensuring fair competition among economic sectors; affirming our pioneering role and responsibility before the world community.

Institutionally, the State has been perfecting environmental laws, strengthening inspection and strictly handling violations. A strong decentralization mechanism helps local authorities proactively exploit sustainable resources, combining green finance mobilization through bonds, environmental protection funds and public-private partnerships. Green businesses receive tax support, preferential credit and technology transfer to reduce costs. Smart monitoring systems, big data and artificial intelligence will support risk forecasting, optimizing resource use. Circular economy promotes recycling, reducing emissions and increasing production value... The biggest challenge to overcome is eliminating short-term development thinking, breaking down psychological barriers, creating a premise for long-term action. Emphasizing the role of digital transformation and circular economy in environmental protection, training green human resources, promoting cooperation between research institutes and businesses, and a strong policy communication strategy to raise public awareness. Social consensus and strong political commitment will be the key to opening up a breakthrough development direction for Vietnam in the rapid and sustainable development of the country.

5. Adding "foreign affairs and international integration" together with national defense and security as "important and regular" tasks

The second guiding viewpoint in the Draft Political Report states that "... strengthening national defense and security and promoting foreign affairs and international integration are essential and regular". The Central Committee's first determination that "foreign affairs and international integration" are on par with national defense and security as essential and regular tasks has opened up a more comprehensive strategic framework for national defense, marking a renewal of the Party's strategic vision in the context of deep integration and increasingly fierce global geopolitical and economic competition.

From the 1991 Platform to the 13th Congress, foreign affairs have always been mentioned as one of the important tasks, but have not been identified as a major, regular task.

This draft clearly shows that foreign affairs is the task of the entire political system, not just the task of the foreign affairs sector, in which diplomacy is the core. More importantly, this is the issue of combining national strength with the strength of the times; internal resources are decisive with external resources being important; the issue of partners, objects, etc. On the other hand, in the past term, foreign affairs was a very successful field for us in the context of a rapidly changing, complex, and unpredictable world.

General Secretary To Lam emphasized: Although peace, cooperation and development are still the major trends, the world situation is changing very quickly and complicatedly, affecting the security and development environment of our country in many ways. In that context, foreign affairs tasks are no longer temporary but must be continuous, monitoring and coordinating policies according to each new development.

Establishing foreign affairs and international integration is an important and regular task that allows enhancing the role of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, foreign affairs agencies and the provincial foreign affairs system. The "three pillars" mechanism of National Defense - Security - Foreign Affairs will promote inter-sectoral cooperation, increase specialized staff, build a team of economic, cultural, technological and technical diplomacy experts... to proactively exploit opportunities and respond promptly and effectively to challenges.

This guiding viewpoint is the basis for creating diplomatic methods, such as: "economic diplomacy", "cultural diplomacy", "defense and security diplomacy", "technology diplomacy"... to attract capital, technology, international resources and increase national soft power. The diplomatic network will be digitized, taking advantage of big data to analyze, forecast, expand relations with multilateral organizations and economic blocs, while promoting the role of localities in promoting exports, attracting foreign investment, and promoting the national image.

In short, adding foreign affairs and international integration to the group of important and regular tasks not only changes thinking but is a strategic lever, making foreign affairs and international integration become the core tools of national security and sustainable development. This innovation affirms Vietnam's determination to be proactive, flexible and comprehensive in applying soft power, enhancing its position in the international arena.

6. On continuing to build and comprehensively and synchronously perfect institutions for rapid and sustainable national development

The policy of continuing to build and perfect comprehensively and synchronously the country's rapid and sustainable development institutions, in which "political institutions are key, economic institutions are central, and other institutions are very important", is the inheritance and development of the thinking on institutional innovation that has been mentioned in a number of recent congresses. However, the important difference lies in three aspects: Comprehensiveness, priority hierarchy, and transparency, rule of law, and effective governance to create a foundation for building an institutional ecosystem for rapid and sustainable development of the country.

Development institutions are a set of rules, regulations, processes, agencies, legal documents, enforcement mechanisms and governance cultures that interact with each other to create a favorable, smooth, safe and effective operating environment. Different from the discrete view of each aspect, document or law, the concept of development institutions emphasizes the connectivity, interdependence and spillover effects between different institutional pillars.

Firstly, the comprehensiveness is reflected in the view that institutional improvement is not just about amending discrete laws but about synchronously building pillars: Politics, economics, law, administration, society, science - technology and institutions to ensure human rights. When considering political institutions as key, it is especially important to emphasize enhancing the role, leadership capacity and innovating the Party's methods of organization, operation, decision-making mechanisms, power control and ensuring political stability, to create conditions for innovation of other institutions. This is not just a technical solution but also an innovation of the Party's leadership thinking towards modernity, transparency, adaptability, practicality and high efficiency.

Second, considering economic institutions as the focus reflects a deep understanding that the quality of growth, efficiency, added value and competitiveness of the economy directly depend on the operation of the market mechanism, the mechanism of resource mobilization and allocation, the business environment and sustainable macroeconomic policies. Being the focus does not mean that other institutions are neglected; on the contrary, it requires a close combination between economic institutions and institutions, legal mechanisms, resource management and social security for rapid and sustainable development.

Third, the emphasis on "other institutions are very important" shows that institutional innovation in education, health care, science and technology, environmental protection, etc. and governance of other sectors all contribute to determining the strength, quality of growth, and competitiveness of development in the long term. This approach is a breakthrough compared to the isolated development mindset, because it forces the resolution of institutional bottlenecks and bottlenecks from an interdisciplinary perspective, instead of local interventions that can easily lead to undesirable consequences.

Fourth, the policy of institutional innovation is always associated with the requirement of drastic action: Standardizing processes, making information transparent, assigning clear responsibilities and monitoring and evaluating results. This breakthrough also lies in promoting science and technology, innovation, digital transformation in governance, creating momentum for development in both the public and private sectors.

Fifth, the above policy is a continuation and elevation of the innovative policy with a breakthrough in implementation methods, which depends largely on the capacity to institutionalize it into legal documents, enforcement organization, control mechanism and social consensus to successfully realize the goal of rapid and sustainable national development.

7. Establish a new growth model, restructure the economy, promote industrialization and modernization, take science and technology, innovation and digital transformation as the main driving force to achieve the target of an average gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate of 10% or more per year for the period 2026 - 2030.

The Draft Political Report of the 14th National Congress set the goal of "striving to achieve an average gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate of 10% or more per year for the 2026-2030 period". At the same time, it also stated: "Establishing a new growth model, restructuring the economy, promoting industrialization and modernization, taking science and technology, innovation and digital transformation as the main driving force".

Establishing a new growth model for the 2026-2030 period with an average GDP target of 10%/year is not only an aspiration but also a challenge to be converted into development opportunities. To realize the double-digit growth target, growth engines: Land, resources, labor, export, domestic market, investment... and total productivity (TFP) must be mobilized synchronously under the framework of innovation, industrialization, modernization and digital transformation. The new point compared to previous periods is that on the current development foundation, especially at the end of the 13th Congress term, the country has enough room to expect to achieve a double-digit growth rate in the next term.

To do so, it is necessary to fulfill the following requirements:

Firstly, the investment-to-GDP ratio needs to exceed 40%. Previously, Vietnam maintained an investment level of about 30-35% of GDP, mainly focusing on traditional drivers. The new model requires increasing the scale of effective investment, expanding green finance channels, technology bonds and innovation venture funds. However, the capital utilization ratio (ICOR) must be maintained at about 4.5 - meaning that 4.5 dong of investment capital is needed to create 1 dong of additional GDP. To improve investment efficiency, it is necessary to tighten project selection, apply automation, digitize production processes and strictly manage projects...

Second, labor growth is expected to contribute 0.7% per year due to the slow decline in the labor force. To achieve a double-digit GDP growth rate, labor productivity must increase by 8.5% per year. This is a leap from the current 5-6%. To realize this, it is necessary to train digital engineers, R&D experts and high-tech project managers; at the same time, build a mechanism to link training institutes - schools - enterprises to narrow the skills gap.

Third, total factor productivity (TFP) must contribute more than 5.6 percentage points to the growth structure. TFP reflects the efficiency of capital and labor use and the impact of innovation. To increase TFP, Vietnam must build a creative startup ecosystem, encourage businesses to invest in R&D, strengthen global value chain linkages and protect intellectual property. Digital transformation, artificial intelligence, big data and the Internet of Things must become everyday tools in business management and development planning.

Fourth, restructuring the economy focuses on foundational industries, core industries, strategic industries, green industries, high-tech agriculture, quality services and digital economy. Each industry and each project must meet low emission standards and smart governance right from the design stage. The policy framework including R&D tax incentives, preferential credit, venture capital funds and administrative reforms to shorten licensing time are the "catalysts" for the new growth model.

In short, the double-digit growth target for the 2026-2030 period will be feasible if investment is strong enough, labor productivity is high enough, TFP is high enough, and domestic and foreign markets are effectively exploited. Success depends on the synchronization of policies, institutional capacity and determination to innovate. When the new growth model operates smoothly, Vietnam will not only achieve double-digit growth but also create a sustainable foundation for the next stage of development.

8. Correctly resolve the relationship between the State - market - society, affirming the decisive role of the market in mobilizing and allocating development resources.

The Draft Political Report of the 14th National Congress emphasizes the formation of an organic relationship between the State - market - society, while affirming the decisive role of the market in mobilizing and allocating resources for development. This is not only a theoretical requirement but also an urgent practical requirement in the process of perfecting the socialist-oriented market economy under the leadership of the Party. Effective coordination between the three entities of the State, the market and society will enhance transparency, objectivity and the ability to control risks, contributing to optimizing the overall resource allocation results of the economy.

The market has the function of determining prices, mobilizing and allocating resources according to natural supply and demand signals. Thanks to the competitive mechanism, information becomes more transparent, the motivation to start a business is strongly stimulated; from there, social resources are concentrated on industries and fields with high efficiency and effectiveness. Affirming the decisive role of the market means ensuring the autonomy and self-responsibility of economic entities, while minimizing direct administrative intervention in the natural operating mechanism of prices, markets, benefits and risks.

The State plays the role of creating and regulating the system of institutions, mechanisms, policies, strategies, planning, and development plans in accordance with market principles and practices. Ensuring that the work of law-making, promulgating regulations on fair competition, controlling monopolies, protecting consumer rights, and balancing interests among social groups must be carried out regularly and synchronously. The State's initiative is not only reflected in promulgating policies in the right direction, but also in monitoring, evaluating, and promptly amending so that the legal framework always closely follows market developments and social development requirements.

Society plays a role in monitoring, criticizing and providing advice through socio-political organizations, professional associations, intellectuals and the media. By honestly reflecting the aspirations of the people, businesses and social classes, the State has the basis to adjust policies, establish development priorities and increase transparency. The supervisory role of society not only ensures the fair and effective implementation of policies and plans but also promotes responsibility, creativity and connectivity among socio-economic entities.

After 40 years of renovation, comprehensive achievements in the economic, cultural and social fields have affirmed the correctness of the renovation policy. The socialist-oriented market economic institution under the management of the State has been formed, operated and perfected through each stage of development. The addition of the viewpoint on "properly resolving the relationship between the State - market - society" in the Draft Document of the 14th National Congress marks a new turning point, opening an era of economic governance based on a transparent and effective market foundation, closely linked with social responsibility and sustainable development orientation.

9. The private economy is the most important driving force of the economy.

The Draft Political Report of the 14th Congress affirms: Fully promote the functions and roles of economic sectors. Develop the state economy effectively, truly maintain the leading role in ensuring major balances, strategic orientation, leading and guiding strategies; develop the private economy as the most important driving force of the economy; cooperative economy, collective economy, foreign-invested economy and other types of economy play an important role.

Thus, the Draft Document of the 14th Party Congress affirms that the development of the private economy is the most important driving force of the economy, which is a very important new point. At the same time, the Draft emphasizes the importance of fully promoting the functions and roles of each economic sector, in order to create a comprehensive and sustainable development picture for the socialist-oriented market economy in Vietnam. The division of labor, coordination and support between the state economy, private economy, cooperative economy, collective economy, foreign-invested economy and other economic forms must be organized closely, scientifically and flexibly to maximize the potential and strengths of each economic sector.

In our country, the policies and guidelines on the position and role of the private economy have undergone major changes. (1) The 6th Congress "considered a multi-sector economy as a characteristic of the transitional period". (2) At the 12th Congress, our Party assessed the private economy as one of the important driving forces of the economy. (3) The 5th Central Conference of the 12th tenure issued Resolution No. 10-NQ/TW on June 3, 2017, affirming that the private economy has become an important driving force of the socialist-oriented market economy. (4) On May 4, 2025, Resolution No. 68 of the Politburo on private economic development affirmed: "... the private economy is the most important driving force of the national economy...".

Placing the private sector as the most important driving force of the economy is a strategic approach in the context of deep integration and increasingly fierce global competition. The rapid development of private enterprises has demonstrated their ability to adapt quickly, be creative and flexible in the face of market fluctuations, becoming the main source of social labor, a source of diverse goods, services and technological solutions.

Despite some limitations and shortcomings, the private economy has the ability to mobilize diverse resources from domestic and international sources, especially when the State improves credit mechanisms, tax and land policies, and creates equal conditions for all businesses. Autonomy in allocating capital, human resources and technology helps private enterprises accelerate investment, expand scale and improve efficiency. From there, this sector contributes greatly to GDP growth, while creating a healthy competitive environment and encouraging innovation. The private economy has the ability to effectively use resources, contribute greatly to growth and job creation, promote innovation and improve social welfare. This is consistent with the theory of Marxism-Leninism when considering the market economy as a product of human civilization and the private economy in socialism as a component part of the economy.

At the same time, in order for the private economy to become the most important driving force of the state economy, it is necessary to continue to improve the legal mechanism, reduce administrative barriers and protect property rights, ownership rights, freedom of business and market competition, intellectual property rights, and develop a system of diverse and flexible market types. The strong development of the private economic sector not only brings economic benefits, but is also a pillar for building a socialist-oriented market economy, enhancing Vietnam's proactive role in the world political situation, the international economy and global civilization.

10. Culture and people are the foundation, resources, endogenous strength and great driving force, regulating system for sustainable social development.

This is a very basic argument in the Draft Documents of the 14th National Congress, vividly demonstrating the Party's new awareness of the role of culture and people in building, developing the country and protecting the socialist Vietnamese Fatherland.

The basis for determining culture and people as the foundation, resources, endogenous strength, great driving force, and regulatory system for sustainable social development includes:

Firstly, the position and role of culture in shaping thinking, behavior and core values of human development. Culture crystallizes the strength of a nation, is a system of values, social norms, and is a place to preserve knowledge, experience and traditional values through many generations. These values shape the way people think, act, interact and solve problems. Culture is an endogenous resource of development, a driving force for development from within. Cultural characteristics such as the spirit of studiousness, diligence, overcoming difficulties, creativity and innovation will directly contribute to economic and social development.

Second, contemporary historical practice has clearly demonstrated the fundamental role of culture in the development of nations. Culture becomes a powerful spiritual resource, helping the community overcome all difficulties and challenges, building community and social solidarity. Culture is the driving force and direct resource for economic growth, a soft power that plays a role in opening up possibilities for exchange, connection, promoting economic development and international integration. Culture is a system that regulates social relationships. Culture guides sustainable development. Culture is the soft power of the nation.

Third, the practice over 40 years of renovation has demonstrated outstanding achievements in promoting cultural and human resources in economic, social, environmental, defense, security, foreign affairs development, etc., especially during the 13th Congress term.

Fourth, the summary of practice and theory over 40 years of renovation shows that culture arouses patriotism, self-reliance, and the desire to rise up of the Vietnamese people. Preserving and promoting national cultural identity is extremely important to affirm identity, fight against cultural invasion, and at the same time create differences and competitive advantages for the country.

11. Building a modern national education system on par with the region and the world

The Draft Political Report of the 14th National Congress proposed the policy of building a modern national education system on par with the region and the world, which is a new and urgent requirement for national development, enhancing competitiveness, developing high-quality human resources, promoting innovation, and ensuring rapid and sustainable national development. The basis for building a modern national education system on par with the region and the world includes:

Firstly, the country's development requirements in the new era (establishing a new growth model, improving growth quality, promoting industrialization, modernization, international integration, and the need for rapid and sustainable development of the country) definitely require new human resources - high-quality human resources. An open, modern, integrated education system will be the launching pad to train generations of citizens with knowledge, skills, and qualities to meet the new development requirements of the country and protect the Fatherland.

Second, from the current state of Vietnam's education system, there is an urgent need to immediately overcome the weaknesses, backwardness, and inadequacies of our country's education system, an education system that is not based on output standards, lacks openness, and has difficulty keeping up with the general trend of the world.

Third, stemming from the requirements of promoting international integration and globalization; the rapid development of science and technology and the Fourth Industrial Revolution; the trend of innovation, reform, and development of education in the world, the process of international cooperation, integration, and competition in education. A modern education will create a competitive advantage for Vietnam. Advanced learning programs and innovative teaching methods will help Vietnamese students be capable of working in an international environment, attracting investment and external resources, and promoting cooperation in science and technology.

Fourth, inheriting the revolutionary and scientific arguments of Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh's thought on education; modern theories on sustainable development; theories on knowledge economy and learning society; theories on innovation and capacity development; sharing international experiences on education development and accordingly, a modern education system on par with the region and the world will provide high-quality human resources, promote the development of high-tech industries, improve labor productivity, create added value and competitiveness for the economy.

Fifth, absorbing the essence of countries with modern education systems often focuses on factors such as: Fairness, creativity and comprehensive development. For example, Finland is famous for its education system without exam pressure, focusing on equality and personal development. Japan promotes ethics, independence and discipline, helping students form their personalities. Countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Canada have advanced education systems with heavy investment in research, technology and modern teaching methods. These countries often have flexible curriculums, encouraging critical thinking and creativity.

12. Breakthrough in science, technology, innovation and national digital transformation

Breakthroughs in science, technology, innovation and national digital transformation are new and important policies in the Draft Political Report of the 14th National Party Congress, aiming to make the most of unlimited development drivers. Determining this priority comes from a strategic vision to meet the requirements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, when digital technology and innovation become decisive factors in the speed and quality of socio-economic development of countries. The Party affirms that only strong breakthroughs in these areas can help Vietnam break out of traditional growth limits.

Modern development theories such as innovation-based economic growth theory, information society theory and knowledge economy all point out the core role of science and technology and digital transformation in activating new value chains. Growth based on innovation, knowledge and technology will create endless production resources when rapidly spreading in the economy. Meanwhile, the concept of information society and knowledge economy emphasizes the elements of data, information and digital analysis capacity to improve productivity and efficiency of resource use. The digital economy model combines digital infrastructure, data platforms and startup ecosystems to create strong development for the innovation process.

Vietnam is a latecomer but is seizing the opportunity to join the ranks of developed digital economies. The 12th Politburo issued Resolution No. 52-NQ/TW titled "Some guidelines and policies to proactively participate in the Fourth Industrial Revolution". Clearly defining the tasks of building digital infrastructure, developing high-quality human resources, and perfecting the legal framework for Industry 4.0. Promoting the role of data, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, smart manufacturing, and connecting global value chains. Requiring close links between businesses, research institutes, universities, and management agencies to promote the application of new technologies, improve productivity, and improve product quality.

Propose incentive mechanisms for R&D investment, intellectual property protection and ensure network safety and security. The 13th Politburo issued Resolution No. 57-NQ/TW on "Breakthroughs in science, technology, innovation and national digital transformation". Emphasizing that science, technology and innovation are unlimited driving forces for growth. The Government is reviewing and increasing public investment in R&D, prioritizing core technologies such as AI, Big Data, IoT, and molecular biology. Build a strong ecosystem connecting creative startups, developing high-tech enterprises, venture capital funds and innovation centers. Perfect the intellectual property protection regime, data sharing mechanism, and evaluation and acceptance mechanism for science and technology products. Proposing a roadmap for digital transformation of all key State agencies, businesses and society from 2025 - 2030, towards digital government, digital economy and digital society.

The Government, all levels and sectors from the central to grassroots levels have been vigorously implementing the National Digital Transformation Project, promoting innovation and investing in building technology infrastructure, towards the goal of turning Vietnam into a digital nation by 2030. Focusing on innovating investment mechanisms for research and development, prioritizing resources for advanced technology fields, such as: Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Internet of Things and Biotechnology. Promoting the formation of innovation centers, improving connectivity between businesses, research institutes and training institutions, and perfecting the legal framework for intellectual property protection. The mechanism to encourage public-private cooperation, international linkages and diversifying investment capital sources helps create a dynamic environment for research and technology transfer activities. Ensuring network safety and security is considered a fundamental factor for successful digital transformation and protecting national interests in the digital space.

The results of scientific and technological breakthroughs, innovation and digital transformation are reflected in increased labor productivity, reduced production costs and shortened time to market. Vietnam can increase its GDP by 1-1.5 percentage points each year thanks to the effective application of science and technology and digital transformation. At the same time, the competitiveness of Vietnamese enterprises in the international arena is strengthened through improving the quality of products, services and autonomy in the supply chain. New products and services shaped by high technology and digital solutions not only meet domestic needs but also create attraction in the global market. Deep participation in the international production chain helps Vietnamese enterprises learn technology, improve management standards and expand their network of partners. From there, Vietnam's position is enhanced, becoming an important link in the global production and value network.

13. Promote breakthroughs in the development of a self-reliant, self-reliant, self-reliant, dual-use, and modern defense and security industry to firmly protect the Fatherland in all situations, especially high-tech warfare.

For the first time, the Draft Political Report of the 14th National Congress affirmed the need for "breakthrough development" instead of just "development" or "construction" as in previous Party resolutions on the development of the defense and security industry. This shows a very high political determination to create a leap forward in the development of the defense and security industry.

Along with continuing to affirm the "dual-purpose, modern" nature, the Draft Political Report submitted to the 14th Congress adds the elements of "autonomy, self-reliance, self-strengthening" in the development of the defense and security industry.

Although the policy of "self-reliance and self-strengthening" in the development of the defense and security industry has appeared in the Party's documents and Resolutions during the renovation period, the XIII Congress Documents have only stopped at developing the defense and security industry in the direction of "dual-use and modernity"; next, the Law on Defense and Security Industry and Industrial Mobilization (June 2024) has identified "Self-reliance, self-reliance, dual-use, modernity, proactive international integration, in which internal strength is the decisive factor".

Therefore, the full addition of these five elements of "self-reliance, self-strengthening, self-strengthening, dual-use, and modernity" aims to: (1) Promote internal strength, self-strengthening, and move towards strategic autonomy throughout the process from research to production and development. (2) Maximize the dual-use of products, reduce costs, and increase usage value. (3) Continuously innovate, apply high technology, new technology, ensure increasingly high product quality, and meet the requirements of firmly protecting the Fatherland in all situations, especially high-tech warfare.

14. Developing foreign affairs in the new era, commensurate with the historical, cultural stature and position of the country

The draft Political Report submitted to the 14th National Party Congress sets out the requirement of "developing foreign affairs in the new era, commensurate with the historical, cultural stature and position of the country" which is not only a continuation of previous viewpoints and policies, but also demonstrates a new development in thinking, goals and approaches to foreign affairs.

The new thinking defines foreign affairs not only as "proactive and active" as in previous Congresses, but also emphasizes the need for development "commensurate with the historical, cultural and position of the country": (1) Foreign affairs are not only a tool to protect the regime or seek economic cooperation, but also a way to demonstrate Vietnam's mettle, identity and stature in the international arena. (2) Emphasize cultural and historical factors associated with spreading "soft power", Vietnamese civilized values, creating respect, trust and influence in the international community. (3) This vision is broader than the purely "peace, cooperation and development" approach as before.

Set higher goals because Vietnam's current position is different. Foreign affairs in the new era must: (1) Create a favorable situation and environment for the country to enter the era of development. (2) Play a role as a creator, a driving force, opening up new opportunities for the country to develop. (3) Enhance the country's position and prestige in world politics, the global economy and human civilization. With the new position and strength, Vietnam proactively participates in actively contributing to maintaining peace and stability in the region and the world.

Closely linking foreign affairs with national development. For the first time, clearly stating the requirement that foreign affairs must be commensurate with the stature of national development, meaning that foreign affairs not only support the economy but also pioneer in the fields of technology, knowledge, and culture. Proactively building a comprehensive, modern diplomacy with 3 pillars (Party diplomacy, state diplomacy, people's diplomacy), operating as a unified, synchronous "foreign affairs ecosystem". Closely connecting political diplomacy, economics, culture, defense, security, science, technology, and digital transformation.

Compared to the Congress documents of the renovation period, the Draft Political Report submitted to the 14th Congress requires higher levels of foreign affairs: Not only "raising the level" but "commensurate with the stature"; "not only deep integration" but also "promoting the strength of Vietnamese culture, history, and values" to increase international influence; not only foreign affairs "for Vietnam" but also "contributing to the peace and common development of humanity".

15. On streamlining the organizational apparatus of the political system; promoting decentralization and delegation of power, ensuring unified management by the Central Government, promoting the proactive role of localities

Carrying out the revolution of streamlining the apparatus of the political system, at the same time promoting decentralization and delegation of power while still ensuring the unified management of the Central Government and promoting the proactive role of localities is a new way of thinking, a vision and a strategic breakthrough to build a streamlined, strong, efficient, effective and efficient apparatus of the political system; creating momentum for rapid and sustainable socio-economic development. This is not only an urgent requirement of the continued innovation, but also a testament to the development vision and wise leadership, the ability to organize and synchronously and resolutely implement the guidelines, policies and strategies of the Party and State in the new period:

Firstly, streamlining the political system's organizational structure is a solution to rearrange the system of agencies and organizations in the political system from the central to the grassroots level. It has thoroughly implemented the rearrangement of focal points, reduced intermediate levels, reduced the number of departments and branches, and at the same time merged units with similar functions to eliminate overlaps and duplications, save resources, and improve the quality of civil servants and public employees. The model of a streamlined apparatus shortens processes, minimizes administrative procedures, and creates a more dynamic, disciplined, and responsible working environment.

Second, promoting decentralization and delegation of power is a key factor in promoting the potential and advantages of each region. Giving more decision-making power to local authorities in the fields of planning, infrastructure investment, resource management and social security helps speed up work resolution, in line with new practical conditions. At the same time, local authorities will be more proactive in organizing implementation, creating innovative ways of doing things, promptly adjusting to local characteristics, thereby arousing the aspirations and will for self-reliance and self-reliance of the grassroots and the community.

Third, decentralization and delegation of power must be implemented but must always ensure unified management by the Central Government. This requires the development of a system of regulations, standards, and clear, transparent, and synchronous assessment criteria. The Central Government plays the role of strategic orientation, promulgating laws and control mechanisms; localities are responsible for organizing implementation and reporting results. The mechanism for monitoring and evaluating performance is well designed, with the participation of many relevant parties, including the Fatherland Front and social organizations, to enhance transparency and accountability.

Fourth, the revolution of streamlining the organizational apparatus, together with decentralization and delegation of power, has been creating a strong push to restructure the institution, perfect the socialist-oriented market economic institution, and build a rule-of-law state that is honest, creative, and serving. Local authorities are not only "executors" but also "creative subjects" in policy formulation and implementation.

Fifth, the effective and synchronous implementation of the three pillars: Streamlining the apparatus; decentralization, delegation of power and unified management will help the State comprehensively innovate, improve its executive capacity and strengthen the people's trust. Recent reports have confirmed the initial effectiveness of the revolution of streamlining the apparatus, decentralization and delegation of power in the 2-level local government model. The enhancement of executive capacity at the grassroots level and the streamlined organizational model have freed up resources, expanded development space, improved work processing speed and service quality for people and businesses. This revolution urges each Party Committee, government and all cadres and civil servants to continue to self-examine, self-correct and self-improve to meet the requirements of the new development era.

16. Focus on building a team of cadres at all levels, focusing on strategic and grassroots levels, especially leaders.

President Ho Chi Minh affirmed that "Cadres are the root of all work", "success or failure of all work depends on good or bad cadres". Therefore, cadre work is "the key of the key", placed in the central position in Party building. The new point in this document is the synchronization in building cadre teams at both strategic and grassroots levels, instead of focusing on each level as before.

At the strategic level, the planning, training, fostering and use of strategic-level cadres are raised to the central task. This is an elite group with strategic vision, participating in policy planning, strategic advice for the Party and State, so it is required to have thinking, vision, courage, grasp of practical situations at home and abroad and the ability to identify global trends, and make accurate forecasts. Focusing resources on strategic-level cadres helps ensure stability and consistency in planning the strategy of cadre work in particular, and the vision and strategy for national development in general.

The policy of placing grassroots cadres at the center of cadre work is a breakthrough in thinking about cadres. Because grassroots cadres are the link closest to the people, directly organizing policy implementation, promptly reflecting the thoughts and aspirations of the people. Strengthening the quality of cadres right from the grassroots helps improve the quality of operations of the grassroots political system, where all policies of the Party and laws of the State are implemented; at the same time, it helps to discover and spread good experiences, and at the same time limit negativity and inadequacies right from the beginning, from the grassroots.

In particular, the new policy pays the highest attention to leaders at all levels. The role of leaders and managers is emphasized not only in terms of professional capacity but also in terms of revolutionary ethical standards, leadership style and personal responsibility. The exemplary role of leaders will motivate the whole group, thereby raising social awareness, discipline, promoting administrative reform and effective service to the people.

The monitoring and evaluation mechanism is required to be more strictly regulated. The appointment and evaluation process must be fair and transparent, closely linking achievements with rewards, violations with sanctions. At the same time, attention must be paid to horizontal rotation, upward rotation and rotation to the grassroots level according to the principle of "in, out", "up, down" so that cadres can gain practical experience, practice their mettle and improve their professional capacity.

Thus, this policy is a strategic vision to build a team of cadres with revolutionary qualities, high professional qualifications, responsibility, and dedication to serving the people. The harmonious combination of training, planning, assessment and supervision; especially focusing on the leaders, will create a breakthrough in the quality of leadership and management in the political system to meet the requirements of rapid and sustainable development in the new era.

17. Policy on building a civilized Party

The Draft Political Report of the 14th National Congress determined: "Strengthening the building, rectification, and self-renewal so that our Party is truly ethical and civilized." This is new content, the first time the policy of building a civilized Party has been identified as a strategic, systematic, and specific task in the Party Congress Documents.

Firstly, President Ho Chi Minh affirmed: "Our Party is ethical and civilized". According to him, the Party must represent the intelligence, conscience and honor of the nation to be worthy of being the leader. Building a civilized Party is a step to continue to deeply realize Ho Chi Minh's thought on Party building, making our Party truly "ethical and civilized".

Second, building a civilized Party is the inheritance and promotion of the nation's fine cultural values, creating a strong bond between the Party, the People and the nation.

Third, building a civilized Party contributes to enhancing the Party's prestige and leadership capacity, helping to consolidate the people's trust in the Party. In the context of international integration and the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the Party must innovate its thinking and leadership methods to adapt to the rapid changes of the times. A civilized Party will help the country develop in line with the world.

Fourth, from the theory of Party building, the two factors of "ethics" and "civilization" of the Party are not separate but organically linked and complement each other.

Fifth, practical experience shows that a communist party can only lead a revolution successfully when it is civilized, clean, strong, transparent, democratic, and pioneering; has scientific and modern thinking; has democratic and effective leadership methods; is capable of self-renewal and adapting to changes of the times; and is trusted and supported by the people.

Sixth, to overcome current shortcomings in Party building work, besides achievements, the Party still has limitations and weaknesses that are not suitable for a civilized political party.

18. Strengthening, consolidating and promoting the effectiveness of the people's strength and the great national unity bloc

Based on the summary of 40 years of innovation, the Draft Political Report submitted to the 14th National Congress has drawn lessons from experience on "Strengthening the consolidation and promoting the effectiveness of the people's strength and the great national unity bloc". This is a valuable lesson of theoretical significance, with practical orientation value for the country's revolutionary cause in the new era of development.

Basis for strengthening, consolidating and promoting the effectiveness of the people's strength and the great national unity bloc:

Firstly, revolution is the cause of the masses. The strength of the people and the great national unity bloc are the decisive factors for the success or failure of the revolutionary cause. Consolidating and promoting this strength is the key for Vietnam to firmly step on the path of building, developing the country and defending the Fatherland.

Second, our nation's patriotism, tradition of solidarity, and respect for the People is the inheritance of the idea that "the people are the root". The people are the creators of history. Ho Chi Minh's thought on the People as the subject of the revolution, the great power, with the ability to create endlessly: "In the sky, nothing is more precious than the People. In the world, nothing is stronger than the united force of the People"; "with the people's force, no matter how big or difficult the task is, it can be done. Without it, nothing can be done. The people know how to solve many problems in a simple, quick, and complete way, which talented people and large organizations cannot figure out."

Third, inherit and promote the lessons learned in the history of national construction and defense; in the Party's revolutionary leadership and the experience of revolutions around the world. Our Party has gathered, gathered, and promoted the great strength of the People in terms of force and wealth, material and spiritual, to achieve the victory of the August Revolution in 1945, the Dien Bien Phu Victory in 1954 and the Great Spring Victory in 1975, completely liberating the South and unifying the country.

Fourth, the great achievements of the country in the period of renovation. Our Party has promoted the strength of the people, taking the goal of "rich people, strong country, democracy, fairness, civilization" as the goal of action; ensuring social justice and equality, taking care of the practical, legitimate and legal interests of all classes and strata of people; harmoniously combining personal interests, collective interests and the interests of the whole society,... with the consistent motto: "People know, people discuss, people do, people inspect, people supervise, people benefit".

Fifth, stemming from the development requirements in the new era. The great national unity bloc is a solid foundation for building a national defense and people's security posture associated with building a solid people's heart posture. Promoting the people's strength helps mobilize all the great resources, both material and spiritual, of the people. The creativity and self-reliance of each citizen are key factors promoting the cause of national construction and development and firmly protecting the socialist Vietnamese Fatherland.

Source: https://baotintuc.vn/thoi-su/mot-so-van-de-moi-quan-trong-trong-du-thao-cac-van-kien-trinh-dai-hoi-xiv-cua-dang-20251021222708997.htm