What is a solar eclipse?
A solar eclipse typically occurs when the moon passes between the sun and the Earth. When observed from Earth, we see the moon partially or completely obscuring the sun.
Specifically, the Earth revolves around the sun while the moon revolves around the Earth. Each cycle, the moon aligns itself between the Earth and the sun once. However, because their orbits differ by about 5 degrees, the moon doesn't always cross the line connecting the Earth and the sun. In other words, the moon only aligns the three celestial bodies (sun, moon, and Earth) once during a new moon or moonless night.
What is a solar eclipse?
How many types of solar eclipses are there?
Solar eclipses are of four basic types. The first is a partial solar eclipse, when only the outer shadow of the moon, known as the penumbra, interacts with the Earth. From within the penumbra, only a portion of the sun, obscured by the moon's disk, is visible.
Next is a total solar eclipse, in which the total solar eclipse is only visible from within the dark cone of the moon, known as the umbra.
An annular or "ring of fire" eclipse is so named because the moon is too far away and therefore too small to completely obscure the sun. Therefore, a maximum ring of sunlight remains visible around the edge of the moon. For the shadow to reach Earth during this type of eclipse, the moon must be closer than its average distance.
Finally, there are hybrid solar eclipses. This phenomenon is very rare. Hybrid solar eclipses usually occur when an annular solar eclipse transitions into a total solar eclipse.
Of all the types mentioned above, hybrid solar eclipses account for only 4.8%. In the 21st century, only 7 hybrid solar eclipses have occurred. And one of them will happen tomorrow, April 20, 2023.
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