5 types of kidney failure - VnExpress Health

Kidney failure is divided into five types, including two acute types and three chronic types, which occur due to different causes.

Renal failure is the final stage of chronic kidney disease, occurring when the kidneys lose their function and are no longer able to filter waste products from the blood. At this stage, it is difficult for the patient to maintain life without dialysis or a kidney transplant.

According to Associate Professor, Dr. Vu Le Chuyen, Director of the Center for Urology - Nephrology - Andrology, Tam Anh General Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, based on the pathogenesis, kidney failure is divided into 5 types.

Prerenal acute renal failure : Occurs when the blood flow to the kidneys is insufficient, affecting the ability to eliminate toxins. The cause of this condition is due to trauma, surgery or other diseases. Common symptoms include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, seizures, coma... Prerenal acute renal failure can be cured if the doctor determines the exact cause of the reduced blood flow to the kidneys.

Acute renal failure in the kidney : Can be caused by direct trauma to the kidney such as a strong impact or accident. In addition, the disease also occurs when the kidney has to filter too many toxins, ischemia or lack of oxygen to the kidney. In particular, the causes of ischemia include severe bleeding, renal vascular obstruction, glomerulonephritis...

Prerenal chronic renal failure : Occurs when the kidneys begin to shrink due to insufficient blood flow to the kidneys over a long period of time. If not treated promptly, the kidneys gradually lose their ability to function.

Chronic renal failure in the kidney : Occurs when the kidney is damaged for a long time due to diseases such as glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, tubular nephritis... Intrinsic renal disease develops from direct trauma to the kidney including severe bleeding, anemia, and lack of oxygen to the kidney.

Chronic post-renal renal failure : Due to long-term obstruction of the urinary tract (including obstruction of the upper and lower urinary tracts), which hinders the discharge of urine. Congestion puts great pressure on the kidneys, damaging them.

The two kidneys have the function of filtering blood and eliminating toxins. Photo : Freepik

Early stage kidney disease is difficult to detect. Doctors recommend early kidney examination when there are signs of little urine, swelling of hands and feet, difficulty breathing... When kidney failure progresses, the patient may experience additional symptoms of chest pain, fatigue, excessive sleepiness, unusual weight loss, poor appetite, persistent nausea, muscle cramps (especially in the legs), itching, convulsions, and coma.

The kidneys play a role in stabilizing body fluids, excreting excess substances from the body's metabolism, and preserving or eliminating other substances from the body through urination. In patients with kidney failure, these functions are lost, seriously affecting health. Patients may experience dangerous complications such as anemia, cardiovascular disease, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, and water retention in the body. The patient's quality of life, work, and spirit are also greatly affected.

There are currently three methods of treating kidney failure: hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation. Each method is suitable for different patients. Doctors will prescribe the appropriate method based on the patient's condition and condition.

Dr. Chuyen said that kidney failure can be prevented by controlling diabetes and high blood pressure (if any), consulting a doctor when taking prescription drugs, maintaining a reasonable weight, and eating a healthy diet. Reducing sugar and salt, drinking enough water, limiting alcohol, not smoking, controlling stress, and exercising regularly also help prevent the disease.

Thang Vu

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