The decision clearly states the scope and boundaries of the planning: Planning for the development of power sources and transmission grids at voltage levels of 220 kV and above, and the renewable energy and new energy industries and services in Vietnam for the period 2021-2030, with a vision to 2050, including grid interconnection projects with neighboring countries.
The goal is to achieve commercial electricity sales of approximately 500.4 - 557.8 billion kWh by 2030.
The specific objective is to provide sufficient electricity to meet domestic demand, fulfilling socio -economic development goals with an average GDP growth rate of approximately 10.0% per year during the 2026-2030 period, and approximately 7.5% per year during the 2031-2050 period.
Specifically, commercial electricity consumption is projected to reach approximately 500.4 - 557.8 billion kWh in 2030 and approximately 1,237.7 - 1,375.1 billion kWh in 2050.
Electricity production and imports: Approximately 560.4 - 624.6 billion kWh in 2030; projected to be around 1,360.1 - 1,511.1 billion kWh in 2050.
Peak capacity: Approximately 89,655 - 99,934 MW in 2030; approximately 205,732 - 228,570 MW in 2050.
The goal is to have 50% of office buildings and 50% of residential houses using self-generated, self-consumed rooftop solar power by 2030 (for on-site consumption, without selling electricity to the national grid).
Regarding a just energy transition , the focus will be on developing renewable energy sources (excluding hydropower) for electricity production, aiming for a rate of approximately 28-36% by 2030. The target for 2050 is for renewable energy to reach 74-75%. A smart grid system will be built, capable of integrating and operating large-scale renewable energy sources safely and efficiently.
Regarding the development of the renewable energy industrial and service ecosystem , it is projected that by 2030, two inter-regional renewable energy industrial and service centers will be established, encompassing electricity production, transmission, and consumption; renewable energy equipment manufacturing, construction, installation, and related services; and the development of a renewable energy industrial ecosystem in areas with high potential such as the Northern, South Central, and Southern regions, when favorable conditions arise.
Develop renewable energy sources and produce new energy for export to Singapore, Malaysia, and other partners in the region. Strive to achieve an export capacity of approximately 5,000-10,000 MW by 2035, potentially higher depending on the needs of the importing country, while ensuring high economic efficiency, domestic energy security, and national defense security.
Maximize the development of electricity generation from renewable energy sources.
Regarding the power source development plan, the Decision clearly states: Maximize the development of power sources from renewable energy (wind power, solar power, biomass power, etc.), and continue to increase the proportion of renewable energy in the power source structure and electricity production.
Specifically, promote the development of onshore, nearshore, and offshore wind power, and solar power, especially floating solar power, in accordance with the system's absorption capacity, grid power evacuation capacity, reasonable electricity costs, and transmission costs, while ensuring operational safety and overall economic viability of the power system, and maximizing the use of existing grid infrastructure. Prioritize and encourage the development of wind and solar power (including rooftop solar power for residential houses, shopping centers, buildings, factories, industrial parks, and production and business establishments) for on-site consumption, without connecting to or selling electricity to the national grid. The development of concentrated solar power must be combined with the installation of battery storage with a minimum capacity of 10% and a storage capacity of 2 hours.
By 2030, the total onshore and nearshore wind power capacity will reach 26,066 - 38,029 MW.
By 2030, the total onshore and nearshore wind power capacity will reach 26,066 - 38,029 MW (the total technical potential in Vietnam is approximately 221,000 MW). Priority will be given to the placement of new planned wind power sources in localities with good wind potential and challenging economic conditions.
Maximizing the technical potential of Vietnam's offshore wind power (approximately 600,000 MW) for electricity and new energy production: The total offshore wind power capacity to serve domestic electricity demand is expected to reach approximately 6,000 - 17,032 MW, projected to be operational in the 2030 - 2035 period. The target for 2050 is 113,503 - 139,097 MW.
The estimated capacity of offshore wind power for generating new energy is around 15,000 MW by 2035 and approximately 240,000 MW by 2050.
Vietnam's solar power potential is approximately 963,000 MW.
Vietnam's solar power potential is approximately 963,000 MW (ground-mounted - 837,400 MW, floating - 77,400 MW, and rooftop - 48,200 MW). By 2030, the total capacity of solar power sources (including concentrated solar power and rooftop solar power, excluding solar power sources under Clause 5, Article 10 of the Electricity Law No. 61/2024/QH15) is projected to reach 46,459 - 73,416 MW; the target for 2050 is a total capacity of 293,088 - 295,646 MW.
Furthermore, priority should be given to encouraging the development of biomass power and electricity generated from waste and solid waste to utilize agricultural and forestry by-products, wood processing, promote reforestation, and improve environmental management in Vietnam. By 2030, the total biomass power capacity is projected to be approximately 1,523 - 2,699 MW; electricity generated from waste and solid waste approximately 1,441 - 2,137 MW; and geothermal and other new energy sources approximately 45 MW. The target for 2050 is approximately 4,829 - 6,960 MW of biomass power; electricity generated from waste and solid waste approximately 1,784 - 2,137 MW; and geothermal and other new energy sources approximately 464 MW.
Maximizing the potential of hydropower resources.
The decision also states: Maximizing the economic and technical potential of hydropower resources (the total maximum potential in Vietnam is approximately 40,000 MW) while ensuring environmental protection, forest conservation, and water security. Selectively expanding existing hydropower plants to provide reserve capacity; exploiting hydropower in irrigation reservoirs and water reservoirs to utilize hydropower resources. By 2030, the total capacity of hydropower sources, including small hydropower, will reach 33,294 - 34,667 MW, with a target of 40,624 MW by 2050.
Develop pumped-storage hydropower plants with a capacity of approximately 2,400-6,000 MW by 2030.
Regarding energy storage, the plan is to develop pumped-storage hydropower plants with a capacity of approximately 2,400-6,000 MW by 2030; and to aim for a pumped-storage hydropower capacity of 20,691-21,327 MW by 2050 to regulate load, provide reserve capacity, and support the large-scale integration of renewable energy sources.
Battery storage is being developed to serve system needs and integrate with renewable energy, distributed near wind and solar power centers or integrated into the power grid at load centers. By 2030, the projected capacity is approximately 10,000 - 16,300 MW; the target for 2050 is 95,983 - 96,120 MW to match the high proportion of renewable energy.
In addition, priority should be given to and encouragement should be given to the development of cogeneration power plants, power plants utilizing waste heat, blast furnace gas, and by-products of technological processes in industrial facilities.
The Ninh Thuan 1 & 2 nuclear power plants will be put into operation during the period 2030 - 2035.
The development of nuclear power will follow the direction approved by the National Assembly in Resolution No. 174/2024/QH15 dated November 30, 2024, Resolution No. 189/2025/QH15 dated February 19, 2025 on special mechanisms and policies for investment in the construction of the Ninh Thuan Nuclear Power Project, and Prime Minister's Directive No. 01/CT-TTg dated January 3, 2025. During the period 2030-2035, the Ninh Thuan 1 & 2 nuclear power plants will be put into operation with a capacity of 4,000-6,400 MW. By 2050, the system will need an additional 8,000 MW of nuclear power to provide base electricity, and this capacity can be increased according to demand.
For coal-fired power plants: Only continue projects already included in the planning and under construction until 2030. The focus should be on converting fuel to biomass/ammonia for plants that have been operating for 20 years when costs are suitable. Plants older than 40 years should cease operation if fuel conversion is not feasible.
For gas-fired power plants: Prioritize maximizing the use of domestic gas for power generation. In case of a decline in domestic gas production, supplementary imports should be made using natural gas or LNG. Develop LNG-utilized projects and synchronized LNG import infrastructure on an appropriate scale, using modern technology. Implement a roadmap for transitioning to hydrogen fuel when the technology is commercialized and the cost is suitable.
Flexible power sources: Invest in developing flexible power sources to regulate load, maintain system stability, and absorb large-scale renewable energy sources. By 2030, the projected development is 2,000-3,000 MW. The target for 2050 is 21,333-38,641 MW.
Boost electricity imports from Southeast Asian countries and the Mekong Subregion.
Regarding electricity import and export: Effectively connect and exchange electricity with countries in the region, ensuring the interests of all parties and enhancing the safety of the power system; promote electricity imports from Southeast Asian (ASEAN) and Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) countries with hydropower potential. Focus on investing in and exploiting overseas power sources to supply electricity to Vietnam. By 2030, import approximately 9,360-12,100 MW from Laos under the agreement between the two governments and utilize the import capacity suitable for connection conditions from China on a reasonable scale; the target for 2050 is to import approximately 14,688 MW. If conditions are favorable and costs are reasonable, the maximum scale can be increased or the timeframe for importing electricity from Laos to the northern region can be accelerated.
Prioritize the development of renewable energy sources for export. By 2030, increase the scale of electricity exports to Cambodia to approximately 400 MW. It is projected that by 2035, the scale of electricity exports to Singapore, Malaysia, and other partners in the region will reach approximately 5,000-10,000 MW and be maintained at 10,000 MW until 2050, potentially higher depending on the needs of the importing party, based on high economic efficiency, ensuring domestic energy security and national defense security.
Power supply structure
By 2030: The total capacity of power plants serving domestic needs (excluding exports) will be 183,291 - 236,363 MW, of which:
Onshore and nearshore wind power: 26,066 - 38,029 MW (accounting for 14.2 - 16.1%);
Offshore wind power projects with a capacity of 6,000 - 17,032 MW are scheduled to be commissioned between 2030 and 2035, with the possibility of accelerating the process if conditions are favorable and costs are suitable.
Solar power (including concentrated solar power and rooftop solar power, excluding solar power sources as specified in Clause 5, Article 10 of the Electricity Law No. 61/2024/QH15) 46,459 - 73,416 MW (accounting for 25.3 - 31.1%);
Biomass power generation: 1,523 - 2,699 MW, waste-to-energy power generation: 1,441 - 2,137 MW, geothermal and other renewable energy sources: approximately 45 MW; larger-scale development is possible if there are sufficient raw materials, high land use efficiency, environmental treatment needs, adequate grid infrastructure, and reasonable electricity prices and transmission costs.
Hydropower capacity is 33,294 - 34,667 MW (accounting for 14.7 - 18.2%), and this could be further developed if environmental protection, forest conservation, and water security are ensured;
Nuclear power plants with a capacity of 4,000 - 6,400 MW are scheduled to be put into operation between 2030 and 2035, with the possibility of accelerating the process if conditions are favorable.
Storage capacity: 10,000 - 16,300 MW (accounting for 5.5 - 6.9%); Coal-fired thermal power: 31,055 MW (accounting for 13.1 - 16.9%); Domestic gas-fired thermal power: 10,861 - 14,930 MW (accounting for 5.9 - 6.3%); LNG thermal power: 22,524 MW (accounting for 9.5 - 12.3%).
Flexible power sources (thermal power plants using LNG, oil, hydrogen fuel, etc., with high operational flexibility) 2,000 - 3,000 MW (accounting for 1.1 - 1.3%);
Pumped storage hydropower plants with a capacity of 2,400 - 6,000 MW;
Import 9,360 - 12,100 MW of electricity from Laos and China (accounting for 4.0-5.1%, maximizing the scale of electricity imports from Laos according to the Agreement between the two Governments or accelerating the time of electricity imports from Laos to the Northern region if conditions are favorable).
With coal-fired power plants facing difficulties in deployment, financing, and shareholder changes, the process will be updated to adjust the structure of wind, solar, and biomass power sources to suit demand.
Regarding participation in direct power purchase agreements (DPPA) and new energy production: According to statistics, the number of large customers consuming 1 million kWh/year or more currently accounts for approximately 25% of the total electricity output of the entire system (with over 1,500 customers).
By 2030, the scale of electricity exports to Cambodia is expected to reach approximately 400 MW. By 2035, the projected electricity export capacity to Singapore, Malaysia, and other regional partners is estimated at 5,000-10,000 MW, potentially higher depending on the needs of the importing party, based on high economic efficiency, ensuring domestic energy security, and national defense security.
Power grid development plan
Phase 2025 - 2030: Construction of 102,900 MVA new 500 kV substations and upgrading of 23,250 MVA substations; construction of 12,944 km new 500 kV transmission lines and upgrading of 1,404 km existing lines; construction of 105,565 MVA new 220 kV substations and upgrading of 17,509 MVA substations; construction of 15,307 km new 220 kV transmission lines and upgrading of 5,483 km existing lines.
Orientation for the period 2031-2035: Construct 26,000-36,000 MW of new high-voltage direct current (HVDC) substation capacity and 3,500-6,600 km of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission lines. Construct 73,800 MVA of new 500 kV substations and upgrade 36,600 MVA; construct 7,480 km of new 500 kV lines and upgrade 650 km; construct 44,500 MVA of new 220 kV substations and upgrade 34,625 MVA; construct 4,296 km of new 220 kV lines and upgrade 624 km.
Orientation for the period 2036 - 2050: Construction of 26,000 - 36,000 MW of new HVDC substation capacity and 3,600 - 6,700 km of HVDC transmission lines; construction of 24,000 MVA of new high-voltage AC switching substation capacity (HVAC substations) above 500 kV and 2,500 km of high-voltage AC HVAC transmission lines above 500 kV; construction of 72,900 MVA and upgrading of 102,600 MVA of 500 kV substations; construction of 7,846 km and upgrading of 750 km of 500 kV transmission lines; construction of 81,875 MVA and upgrading of 103,125 MVA of 220 kV substations; construction of 5,370 km and upgrading of 830 km of 220 kV transmission lines.
Investment capital requirements
The decision states that, for the period 2026-2030: The total investment capital for developing power sources and transmission grids will be equivalent to 136.3 billion USD, of which: investment in power sources will be approximately 118.2 billion USD, and investment in transmission grids will be approximately 18.1 billion USD.
Orientation for the period 2031-2035: The estimated capital investment needs for the development of power sources and transmission grids are approximately US$130.0 billion, of which: investment in power sources is approximately US$114.1 billion, and investment in transmission grids is approximately US$15.9 billion. The exact figures will be finalized in subsequent plans.
Orientation for the period 2036 - 2050: The estimated capital investment needs for the development of power sources and transmission grids are approximately US$569.1 billion, of which: investment in power sources is approximately US$541.2 billion, and in transmission grids is approximately US$27.9 billion. This will be finalized in subsequent plans.
Source: https://hanoimoi.vn/van-hanh-nha-may-dien-hat-nhan-ninh-thuan-1-2-trong-giai-doan-2030-2035-699189.html
![[Photo] General Secretary and President To Lam presides over a meeting on assessing national development resources.](https://vphoto.vietnam.vn/thumb/1200x675/vietnam/resource/IMAGE/2026/05/20/1779253785852_a1-bnd-2943-8519-jpg.webp)
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