Why does infertility occur after having children?

Endometriosis and blocked fallopian tubes in women, or prostate enlargement in men, are some of the causes of secondary infertility.

Secondary infertility is the inability to conceive despite having previously given birth. Approximately one-third of secondary infertility cases are due to women, and one-third are due to men. In the remaining 30%, secondary infertility is either related to both sexes or has no known cause.

Causes of secondary infertility in women include:

Age: A woman's fertility begins to decline after age 30.

Endometriosis: A condition in which endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, causing problems with pregnancy and maintaining a pregnancy.

Blocked fallopian tubes: The fallopian tubes, which lead from the ovaries to the uterus, can become blocked due to pelvic infections such as chlamydia or gonorrhea.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): This hormonal disorder causes high levels of male sex hormones, preventing ovulation and leading to irregular periods.

Excessive weight gain: Gaining weight can lead to ovarian dysfunction in some women.

Secondary infertility can be caused by factors in both men and women. (Image: Freepik)

Causes of secondary infertility in men include:

Age: Sperm quality typically declines after age 40.

Low testosterone levels: Testosterone is crucial for sperm production but can decrease due to aging or genital injury.

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Enlarged prostate: An enlarged prostate gland reduces sperm count and restricts ejaculation.

Prostate removal: Removing the prostate gland to treat cancer or other conditions can cause sperm to flow backward.

Hypogonadism: This is a condition characterized by a decrease in the production of male hormones.

Excessive weight gain: Like women, overweight or obese men also have a higher risk of infertility.

Signs of secondary infertility

If you are under 35 and have regular sexual intercourse but haven't conceived within a year, you should talk to your obstetrician. If you are over 35 or have fertility-related conditions such as irregular periods or endometriosis, it's best to see a doctor as soon as possible.

For men, if they are unable to conceive after a year of unprotected intercourse, they should also get a health checkup. The doctor may request a semen analysis to check sperm quality and quantity, even if the man doesn't experience any problems during intercourse such as premature ejaculation or erectile dysfunction.

Treatment methods for secondary infertility

Treatment for secondary infertility will depend on the cause.

Treatment options for women include:

Medication: Women experiencing ovulation problems may be prescribed medication by their doctor to stimulate hormone production to produce eggs.

Uterine surgery: This surgery removes the growth of certain conditions in the uterus such as scar tissue, polyps, and fibroids that affect fertility.

In-vitro fertilization (IVF): This is a procedure in which eggs are removed from the ovaries, then fertilized in a laboratory with sperm to create embryos, which are then transferred back to the uterus to implant.

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Treatment options for men include:

Intrauterine insemination (IUI): IUI is a procedure that involves directly introducing sperm into a woman's uterus. This method is often used when men have low sperm count or poor sperm quality. It is also an option for women with cervical mucus that makes conception difficult.

Testicular surgery can correct varicocele, a condition that can affect sperm quality and quantity.

Using supplements: Supplements such as antioxidants and anti-aging agents may increase fertility in men, while medication treatments help improve semen quality.

Weight loss: Lifestyle-related infertility, such as excessive weight gain, can be reversed with weight management measures.

As desired ( According to WebMD )

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