COP30: Bold action and investment for climate

On November 10, the 30th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP30) opened in Belém, Brazil.

At the Opening Ceremony, President of the Federative Republic of Brazil - Mr. Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva affirmed: Climate change is no longer a threat of the future, but "a tragedy of the present". Therefore, the world needs to act and increase investment in responding to climate change. Humanity can overcome the challenge of the climate crisis with goodwill and stronger commitment.

Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva speaks at the opening ceremony of COP30. Photo: COP30 .

Mr. Simon Stiell, Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, said: Like the story of thousands of rivers coming together to form the majestic Amazon, humanity needs to unite and be united in responding to climate change. The goals can be achieved by accelerating the implementation of international commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, through promoting international cooperation.

COP30 takes place in Belém, Brazil from November 6-21, 2025. The Heads of State Meeting will take place on November 6-7. Preparatory meetings, including the G77 and China meetings, will take place on November 8-9.

The Vietnamese delegation attending the COP30 Conference includes representatives from the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment , the Ministry of Finance, Vietnam Television, and representatives of youth organizations on climate change.

The conference took place in the context of escalating conflicts in many parts of the world, especially in the Middle East and Ukraine. The United States withdrew from the Paris Agreement for the second time (the first time in 2016). Developed countries continued to delay and avoid their responsibility to contribute financially to support developing countries in responding to climate change. Meanwhile, developing countries are under pressure to complete and submit their NDCs for the period up to 2035 (NDC 3.0) with the requirement to commit to greater emission reductions.

Main content of the COP30 Conference

Regarding climate change adaptation, the Conference focused on discussing the development of a set of global adaptation target indicators under the UAE-Belem Work Programme (GGA).

On loss and damage, the Conference continued to discuss issues related to addressing loss and damage in the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC); quantitative calculation methods for loss and damage costs, support needs; financial expansion; and reporting on loss and damage status.

Nearly 200 delegations from Parties to the Framework Convention will discuss and negotiate many important issues on global climate change. Photo: Chu Huong.

Regarding the Sharm el-Sheikh Work Programme (MWP) for implementation and ambition to reduce emissions, the Conference discussed the following contents: Strengthening the MWP through global dialogue and investment-focused events; results of the 5th and 6th global dialogues; the possibility of continuing the Sharm el-Sheikh Work Programme.

On climate finance, the Conference discussed the new overall quantitative target; scale and scope, financial resources, transparency, accessibility and mechanisms for providing financial resources. In addition, issues in resource mobilization; criteria and procedures for accessing the Loss and Damage Response Fund, and how to coordinate with other existing mechanisms.

In relation to the UAE Dialogue on the implementation of the Global Struggles Review (GST) outcomes, the Conference discussed with the aim of finalising the modalities for conducting the UAE Dialogue; procedures, logistics for GST and inputs for the next GST cycle.

On the Just Transition Work Programme (JTWP), the Conference will discuss unilateral measures, financing, the reference of GST results; just transition in NDCs and pathways consistent with the 1.5°C target. Delegates will also provide input on the institutional arrangements of the JTWP and ensuring the continuation of the work programme beyond 2026.

Vietnamese delegation attends the opening ceremony of COP 30 in Brazil. Photo: Chu Huong.

Regarding Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, the Conference focused on discussing implementation, enhancing transparency, rules on transferring greenhouse gas emission reduction results in Article 6.2 (voluntary cooperation); regulations on carbon credit generation methods, regulations on appraisal and verification of projects under the Article 6.4 Mechanism.

Regarding NDC3.0, COP30 focused on discussions on improving commitment targets, transparency and accountability.

Commitments of major emitters

At COP29, Brazil submitted its NDC pledging to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 67% by 2035 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. At New York Climate Week, China announced its commitment to reduce emissions by 7-10% by 2035 compared to its projected peak emissions before 2030 and to invest in renewable energy sources and forest restoration.

On November 4, the European Union (EU) submitted its NDC with the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2030 and 90% by 2040.

On the opening day of the COP30 Conference, 106 parties submitted NDCs, accounting for 74.4% of global emissions and 59.2% of the global population.

It is expected that in the plenary session on November 12, Brazil will announce the results of consultations with groups of countries on proposals for the COP30 Agenda, such as finance, NDC, transparency reports, etc.

Source: https://nongnghiepmoitruong.vn/cop30-hanh-dong-manh-me-va-dau-tu-cho-khi-hau-d783601.html