Cross-eyed - don't just think about aesthetics

Strabismus (also known as squint) is one of the common eye diseases in both children and adults. This is a condition where the two eyes do not look in the same direction: one eye looks straight while the other eye can deviate inward, outward, upward or downward. When this phenomenon occurs, the brain will receive two different images from the two eyes and cannot merge into a single image, leading to visual disturbances.

Illustration photo.

In young children, if strabismus is not detected and treated early, it can cause severe vision loss in the misaligned eye - called amblyopia. Over time, the brain tends to "ignore" the image from the misaligned eye, thereby greatly affecting the child's ability to see and overall development.

Strabismus can be classified according to the direction of deviation (internal strabismus, external strabismus, vertical strabismus) or according to the cause. Some cases are due to damage to the nerves that control eye movement (cranial nerves III, IV, VI), others are due to trauma, cerebrovascular accident, thyroid disease... There are even syndromes with their own names such as Duane syndrome, Brown syndrome or Ciancia syndrome, often accompanied by abnormalities in anatomy or neurological function.

The good news is that strabismus is treatable. The goal of treatment is not just to align the eyes, but also to restore optimal vision in each eye, improve eye coordination, and improve the patient’s appearance. Depending on the case, your ophthalmologist will consider nonsurgical and surgical treatments.

Nonsurgical treatments include wearing glasses or contact lenses to improve accommodation; using special prisms to help direct light entering the eye in the right direction; or performing vision exercises to stimulate coordination between the eyes and the brain. This is the preferred method for mild cases or early detection, especially in young children.

Surgery to treat strabismus is indicated when the eye axis is clearly misaligned, affecting vision and aesthetics. The doctor will readjust the position of the extraocular muscles using techniques such as muscle retraction, muscle retraction or muscle movement appropriate to each specific condition. The results of surgery depend largely on age, the severity of strabismus, the duration of the disease and the adaptability of the visual system.

Strabismus is not simply a cosmetic problem. It is a visual dysfunction that can have a profound impact on the patient's quality of life, self-confidence, and ability to study and work. Therefore, if you or a loved one has even mild signs of eye misalignment, please visit an ophthalmology clinic for timely and appropriate advice and treatment.

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