Propaganda to celebrate the 78th anniversary of the August Revolution and the National Day of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam

I. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AUGUST REVOLUTION IN 1945

The success of the August Revolution in 1945 was the result of a long, steadfast, and indomitable struggle of the Vietnamese people under the wise, correct, and creative leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam . In early 1945, World War II entered its decisive phase, the Soviet army continuously won decisive victories on the European battlefield, liberating a series of countries and advancing straight into the Nazi German lair in Berlin.

On May 9, 1945, Nazi Germany surrendered unconditionally, ending the war in Europe. On August 8, 1945, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan and after only 1 week, destroyed the elite Kwantung Army of Japan, pushing the Japanese fascists into inevitable defeat. On August 14, 1945, the Japanese fascists surrendered unconditionally, ending World War II.

In the country, through many difficult challenges and important exercises such as the 1930-1931 revolutionary high tide, the 1936-1939 democratic movement, the 1939-1945 national liberation movement, the revolutionary movement grew stronger and stronger. In the face of many favorable international and domestic situations, our Party made decisions to step up preparations for an uprising to seize power.

On March 9, 1945, the Japanese fascists staged a coup to oust the French. That very night, the Party Central Committee held an expanded meeting in Dinh Bang village (Tu Son, Bac Ninh ) and decided to launch a movement to resist Japan and save the country. On March 12, 1945, the Party Central Committee held an expanded meeting and issued the Directive "Japan and France fighting each other and our actions". This important Directive demonstrated the Party's wise, resolute, proactive and creative leadership, clearly indicating the correct direction and measures for revolutionary action in the climax of the resistance against Japan and saving the country, paving the way for the August Revolution to victory.

From April 15 to April 20, 1945, the Party Central Committee convened the Northern Military Revolutionary Conference, deciding to develop armed and semi-armed forces and unify armed forces into the Vietnam Liberation Army, building 7 war zones to fight against Japan and save the country. From April 1945 onwards, the high tide of resistance against Japan to save the country took place strongly. The armed struggle and partial uprising movements took place in many regions.

The revolutionary forces coordinated with the masses to liberate a series of communes, districts and counties in the provinces of Cao Bang, Bac Kan, Lang Son, Thai Nguyen, Tuyen Quang, Quang Ngai and Bac Giang. Based on the assessment of the opportunities and the situation of the revolution in the country which had developed strongly and widely, the National Conference of the Party held in Tan Trao from August 13 to August 15, 1945 came to the conclusion: "The conditions for uprising in Indochina are ripe". Therefore, it was necessary to "Act promptly, not miss the opportunity", urgently "Occupy places where victory is certain, regardless of cities or countryside, establish people's committees in the places of control", all for the goal of "Vietnam's complete independence".

On August 13, 1945, the National Uprising Committee was established and issued Military Order No. 1: Calling on all people to rise up and seize power. On August 16, 1945, the National Congress in Tan Trao approved the "10 major policies of the Viet Minh", passed the "General Uprising Order", decided on the red flag with a yellow star, the National Anthem and elected the Central National Liberation Committee with comrade Ho Chi Minh as Chairman. President Ho Chi Minh sent a letter calling on the people of the whole country to rise up, stating: "The decisive hour for the destiny of our nation has come. All compatriots, please rise up and use our own strength to liberate ourselves". Under the leadership of the Party and President Ho Chi Minh, the people of the whole country rose up, carried out a general uprising and seized power.

From August 14 to August 18, the general uprising broke out and won in the rural areas of the Northern Delta, most of the Central region, part of the South and in the towns of Bac Giang, Hai Duong, Ha Tinh, Hoi An,... On August 19, the uprising to seize power was victorious in Hanoi. On August 23, the uprising was victorious in Hue and in Bac Kan, Hoa Binh, Hai Phong, Ha Dong, Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Binh Dinh, Gia Lai, Bac Lieu... On August 25, the uprising was victorious in Saigon - Gia Dinh, Kon Tum, Soc Trang, Vinh Long, Tra Vinh, Bien Hoa, Tay Ninh, Ben Tre...

In Con Dao, the Con Dao Prison Party Committee led imprisoned revolutionary soldiers to rise up and seize power. Within just 15 days at the end of August 1945, the General Uprising achieved complete victory.

For the first time in history, the power of the whole country belonged to the people. On September 2, 1945, at Ba Dinh Square (Hanoi), in front of hundreds of thousands of people, President Ho Chi Minh, on behalf of the Provisional Government, solemnly read the Declaration of Independence, declaring to the nation and the world: The Democratic Republic of Vietnam was born (now the Socialist Republic of Vietnam).

Since then, September 2nd is our National Day.

II. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AUGUST REVOLUTION IN NINH BINH

On August 14, 1945, the Japanese fascists announced their unconditional surrender to the Soviet Union and the Allies. The Party Committee and the people of Ninh Binh were extremely excited and enthusiastically prepared in all aspects for the successful uprising to seize power. On August 17, 1945, comrade Tran Tu Binh brought the "General Uprising" order to Ninh Binh. That very night in Sai village (Nho Quan), the Provincial Party Committee met to discuss the uprising plan. The conference decided that on August 19, 1945, they would organize and lead the masses to seize the two Gia Vien district governments.

That very night, the Provincial Party Committee sent cadres to the districts to quickly convey the news of the Japanese fascists' surrender to the Allies and the Order of General Uprising. The Provincial Party Committee sent cadres to Gia Vien district and the locality to prepare for the uprising first. Facing the seething revolutionary atmosphere, on the night of August 18, the Gia Vien district chief was afraid and fled. That very night, the National Salvation Youth of Bich Son village and Me street went to persuade the soldiers to get some guns and ammunition.

Early in the morning of August 19, 1945 (the day of the Me market), the provincial and district armed forces took advantage of the time when the people in the area were going to the Me market in large numbers, using loudspeakers to call on the people to respond to the uprising to seize power, deploying armed forces to occupy the district capital, soldiers surrendered, and lackey government officials asked to hand over their papers, books, seals, and guns and ammunition. We quickly took control of the district capital. The masses around the district capital and the people going to the Me market came to the rally in large numbers.

In front of a large crowd, the representative of the Viet Minh of Gia Vien district announced that the reactionary puppet government had been crushed, the revolutionary government had been established, and the representative of the Viet Minh popularized the national salvation policy and the 10 policies of the Viet Minh Front. Upon receiving the news that Gia Vien had successfully seized power, on the afternoon of August 19, 1945, a number of patriotic youths in Nho Quan town, together with the masses, raised the red flag with a yellow star to persuade the security soldiers and Japanese troops to remain motionless, and the soldiers in the camp to lay down their guns and surrender.

The insurgents confiscated more than 20 guns and brought them back to the war zone. On the morning of August 20, 1945, the Provincial Party Committee sent Viet Minh cadres to Nho Quan to mobilize the people of the town and neighboring communes to seize the district government, and organized a provincial rally to declare: Nho Quan is completely liberated. On the night of August 19, 1945, the Provincial Party Committee met to evaluate the victory of the uprising in Gia Vien and Nho Quan, draw lessons and agree on a plan, assigning comrades Pham Van Hong, Nguyen Thi Hoa... to directly take charge of the insurgent forces, capture the provincial capital and the remaining districts. The conference decided on August 20, 1945 to organize and lead the masses to revolt and seize the provincial government and the remaining districts.

On the morning of August 20, 1945, more than ten thousand people and self-defense teams armed with sticks and spears gathered in front of Thien Ton cave (Ninh My, Gia Khanh). When the order was given, the crowd shouted slogans and marched towards Ninh Binh provincial capital. On the way, thousands of people from the villages of Bach Cu, Phu Gia, Doi Nhan, Cam Gia, Thu Dien, Ky Vi, Phuc Am, Truc Do... joined the revolutionary army. The protest group reached Phuc Am, a part of them entered to seize power in Gia Khanh district.

Faced with the stormy strength of the revolutionary masses, the Gia Khanh district chief surrendered to the revolutionary army, handing over his seals, documents and records. The uprising quickly won. The district Viet Minh organization gathered the people of the communes and the insurgent army to rally, declaring: the Gia Khanh district government belonged to the people and established a revolutionary government. The masses rejoiced in the atmosphere of victory. 3 On the same day, the Ninh Binh town Viet Minh mobilized the masses and the revolutionary army to rise up and seize power in the province.

The Viet Minh organization sent people to grasp the situation at the security barracks, sent people to welcome and guide the revolutionary troops into the town, surrounded the provincial governor's palace, and forced them to surrender. The soldiers asked to hand over their weapons, and Lieutenant Colonel Dao Trong Huong had to represent the provincial governor in handing over his seal, files, papers, and books. All weapons were quickly gathered and brought to the Quynh Luu base area. The self-defense force was assigned to protect offices and important areas in the provincial capital.

The Viet Minh base in Yen Khanh district raised the red flag with a yellow star, gathered the people to rise up and successfully seize the district government. On August 21, 1945, the Viet Minh in Yen Mo district led the masses to rise up and seize power. In Kim Son, when they heard that the Viet Minh had taken over the provincial capital, the reactionaries disguised as Catholics took advantage of the Viet Minh's name to raise the red flag with a yellow star, calling on the masses to seize the district government (in October 1945, the Provincial Party Committee sent a delegation of cadres to Kim Son to build the government, after which the government was truly in the hands of the people).

After three days of uprising (from August 19 to August 21, 1945), the feudal imperialist government in the whole province was crushed. On August 25, 1945, the Provisional Revolutionary People's Committee of Ninh Binh province, chaired by comrade Van Tien Dung, was introduced to the people. In front of twenty thousand compatriots, comrade Van Tien Dung solemnly declared: "Ninh Binh is completely liberated, establishing a revolutionary government of the people in the whole province".

III. CAUSES OF VICTORY, HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE AUGUST REVOLUTION

1. Reasons for victory

- The August Revolution of 1945 succeeded quickly due to many reasons, among which the important and decisive reason was the correct, wise and skillful leadership of the Party; the correct, independent, autonomous and creative application and development of Marxism-Leninism in the specific conditions of our country. The Party had appropriate and flexible revolutionary methods, strategies and tactics; recognized the opportunity, proactively welcomed the opportunity and resolutely seized the opportunity, carried out an uprising to seize power throughout the country.

- The success of the August Revolution was due to the patriotism, solidarity, and indomitable will of our people, who refused to live forever as slaves of the people who lost their country; wholeheartedly following the Party and being led by the Party through the rehearsals, they were determined to rise up to gain independence for the nation. After 15 years of extremely arduous and heroic struggle under the leadership of the Party, countless compatriots and soldiers did not hesitate to shed their blood and bones, heroically sacrificing for the goal of national independence.

- The August Revolution was carried out in an international context with certain advantages. German, Italian, and Japanese fascism had been defeated, and the liberation movements of oppressed peoples and progressive forces in the world were developing strongly.

2. Historical significance

- The success of the August Revolution in 1945 was the first great victory of our people since the Party's leadership, opening a great turning point in the history of the Vietnamese nation. The government was in the hands of the people, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was born - the first worker-peasant state in Southeast Asia; ending the feudal monarchy in Vietnam; ending more than 80 years of our people under the yoke of colonialism and fascism. The Vietnamese people changed from being slaves to being citizens of an independent country, masters of their own destiny. Vietnam changed from a semi-feudal colony to an independent, free and democratic country. The Communist Party of Vietnam became a ruling party. From here, the country, society, people and people of Vietnam entered a new era, an era of national independence associated with socialism.

- The August Revolution was the victory of Marxism-Leninism creatively applied to the specific circumstances of the Vietnamese revolution; the victory of Ho Chi Minh's thought and the revolutionary line of our Party linking national independence with socialism, linking national strength with the strength of the times; the first successful experimentation of Marxism-Leninism in a colonial country in Asia. This was also the inevitable development process of the nation's history through thousands of years of struggle, the pinnacle of the nation's indomitable will, the strength of community cohesion, the intellectual height of the nation combined with Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh's thought with the trend of the times for peace, democracy and social progress, for national independence and socialism.

- The victory of the August Revolution encouraged the national liberation movement in countries oppressed and dominated by imperialism and colonialism. It affirmed that, in the conditions of the proletarian revolutionary trend, a revolution led by a party of the working class could not only succeed in an underdeveloped capitalist country, the weakest link of imperialism, but could also succeed in a backward semi-feudal colonial country to bring the whole nation up the path of socialism.

3. Lessons learned

The August Revolution left us with many valuable lessons, but the greatest and most profound lessons are:

Firstly, there is a truly revolutionary vanguard party that has absorbed Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh's thought, has grasped the specific circumstances of each revolutionary stage of the country, has set out the correct revolutionary line, has appropriate methods and forms of struggle; knows how to seize opportunities, build forces and organize, and use forces at the right time; promotes national strength with the strength of the times to lead the masses to advance to gain and maintain power. The correct leadership of the Party is the leading factor determining the victory of the revolution.

Second, is the issue of seizing and maintaining power. Our Party has known how to take care of building revolutionary forces, making them strong enough, attracting a large number of people to participate, thereby changing the balance of power between us and the enemy, creating revolutionary opportunities to bring the revolution to success. To maintain power, our Party and State have relied firmly on the people, creating material and spiritual strength to fight successfully against internal and external enemies. Our Party knows how to resolutely use revolutionary violence and use revolutionary violence appropriately and at the right time to smash the old state apparatus, establishing a state of the people, by the people and for the people.

Third, it is a matter of seizing opportunities and making accurate and timely decisions. The skillful leadership of our Party and President Ho Chi Minh in choosing the right opportunity and making the right decision for the General Uprising is specifically demonstrated in the Directive of the Party Central Committee Standing Committee in March 1945 "The Japanese and French are fighting each other and our actions" and Military Order No. 1 of the National Uprising Committee issued on the night of August 13, 1945. Thanks to choosing the right opportunity, the strength of our people in the August Revolution was multiplied, and the general uprising was successfully carried out nationwide in a short time.

Fourth, the issue of building and using the strength of a revolution. Applying the ideas of Marxism-Leninism, our Party has set out the correct revolutionary line, reflected in the slogans of struggle in each period such as: National independence, land for the tillers, 10 major policies of the Viet Minh Front, the policy of breaking into Japanese rice warehouses to save the people from starvation and a series of other forms of mobilization, gathering forces, and arousing the creative potential of the masses. The August Revolution was a typical revolution - a general uprising based on the strength of the entire people, mainly the strength of the political struggle of the People to quickly seize power throughout the country. Under the light of the correct line and leadership of the Party and Uncle Ho, the patriotism and strength of the entire people ignited in the August Revolution have continued to be highly promoted in the two sacred resistance wars against imperialist invaders and in the cause of national renewal today.

Fully aware of the responsibility in applying and promoting the valuable lessons and ideas of the August Revolution in the cause of innovation, promoting industrialization and modernization of the country and homeland, the Party Committee and people of Ninh Binh have proactively overcome challenges and difficulties due to the unusual developments of the pandemic, weather, and consequences of the prolonged Covid-19 pandemic, the world's economic and political situation continues to fluctuate rapidly, complicatedly, and unpredictably, especially the impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the earthquake in early 2023 in Turkey and Syria... The Provincial Party Committee, People's Council, People's Committee, and Vietnam Fatherland Front Committee of the province have closely followed the direction of the Central Government, upholding the spirit of responsibility, solidarity, promoting democracy, focusing on leadership, timely, close, drastic, flexible, focused, and key directions; determined, steadfast, closely following the set goals and targets; With the efforts and determination of all levels, sectors, business community, Party Committee, army and people of Ninh Binh have overcome difficulties and achieved important and comprehensive results in all fields.

Total state budget revenue in the province in the first 7 months of 2023 is estimated at 6,639.7 billion VND, equal to 29.7% of the 2023 estimate and 55.1% over the same period; industrial production overcame many difficulties to achieve a growth rate of 1.7% over the same period last year; agriculture had a good harvest; the construction of new rural areas, advanced new rural areas, and exemplary rural areas continued to be focused on according to the plan, and the dossier to submit to the Prime Minister for recognition of Kim Son district as meeting new rural standards continued to be completed; service activities recovered and achieved high growth. Culture and society made many advances, social security was ensured, and people's lives continued to be improved and raised.

Innovating investment promotion and attraction in a practical and effective manner; foreign affairs activities have been expanded. The work of receiving citizens, resolving complaints and denunciations, preventing and combating corruption and negativity has been focused on and has had positive changes; local defense and military have been strengthened; political security and social order and safety have been ensured. Party and government building work has been implemented synchronously, comprehensively and effectively; the political system has been increasingly consolidated.

Thereby contributing to the efforts to build Ninh Binh province to become increasingly rich, beautiful and civilized, soon becoming a fairly developed province in the Red River Delta, building Ninh Binh Party Committee to be increasingly clean and strong and the political system at all levels to be streamlined, effective and efficient, worthy of the trust and expectations of the Party, State and people./.

PROPAGANDA COMMITTEE OF NINH BINH PROVINCIAL PARTY COMMITTEE

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