Immediately after the merger on March 1, 2025, the Ministry of Science and Technology has started to create a legal corridor to guide the development of the sector, with the goal of removing institutional bottlenecks. By June 2025, the Ministry had submitted to the National Assembly for consideration and approval of 5 fundamental laws, including: Law on Science, Technology and Innovation; Law on Digital Technology Industry; Law on Atomic Energy (amended); Law on amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Law on Product and Goods Quality; Law on amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Law on Technical Standards and Regulations.
Currently, the Ministry of Science and Technology is continuing to preside over the drafting of five other important laws, including: Law on Digital Transformation; Law on High Technology (amended); Law on amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Law on Intellectual Property; Law on amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Law on Technology Transfer; and Law on Artificial Intelligence, with the expectation of being passed by the end of 2025, completing the legal framework to promote comprehensive development of science, technology and innovation.
Minister of Science and Technology Nguyen Manh Hung presented
Draft Law on Technology Transfer.
Law on Digital Transformation
The Draft Law on Digital Transformation defines digital management and operation as the default, paper-based management as the exception. The State is responsible for ensuring that all citizens, regardless of age, gender, education level, geographical or economic conditions, have the opportunity to access and use online public services.
The online public service system must comply with international standards, have a friendly interface, be multilingual, have sign language and support for people with disabilities. The platform must be compatible with many types of devices and have tools to support people in remote, isolated and particularly disadvantaged areas.
The draft also requires designing online public services according to people's life events and business life cycles, aiming at personalization suitable for each individual and organization. State agencies must coordinate to provide services according to a series of events, instead of fragmenting according to administrative authority. People and businesses only need to provide information once, the processing procedure is carried out continuously, seamlessly, regardless of administrative boundaries, helping to save time and costs.
The bill identifies digital transformation as a "top breakthrough", prioritizing the development of infrastructure, data, human resources, and international cooperation. The codified principles include: people-centered, digitalization from the beginning, and data-based management, so that "no one is left behind".
The National Assembly Standing Committee gives opinions on draft laws.
Law on High Technology (amended)
After nearly 20 years of promulgation, the Law on High Technology has been proposed to be amended to promote technological autonomy, form strategic industries, improve the efficiency of high-tech zones and encourage Make in Vietnam enterprises.
The draft defines technology as not only a field of investment incentives but also a strategic pillar to ensure economic security, national defense and national sovereignty. The law also adds the concept of strategic technology and strategic industry, aiming to focus on development.
Incentive policies have been redesigned to be more transparent, effective, and open to domestic enterprises and startups. Core technologies and strategic technologies such as AI and semiconductors enjoy special incentives, accompanied by transfer commitments to bring real benefits to the country.
The draft divides high technology into three layers: core technology (Vietnam must make and master itself), strategic technology (ensuring autonomy) and high technology (to develop the country).
The draft Law on High Technology (amended) identifies technology as not only a field of investment incentives.
but also a strategic pillar to ensure economic security, national defense and national sovereignty.
Law amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Law on Intellectual Property
This amendment aims to turn Vietnamese research results and inventions into assets that can be bought, sold, and traded, moving towards an economy where intellectual property accounts for a large proportion, like in developed countries.
The bill allows intellectual property rights to be valued, traded and turned into assets, marking a shift from rights protection to the assetization, commercialization and marketization of research results. As a result, intellectual property becomes a strategic competitive tool for businesses and countries.
The Government proposes to add many breakthrough policies to support the creation and commercial exploitation of intellectual property groups. The State will support the establishment, exploitation, management, valuation, transfer and sharing of intellectual property rights.
The bill also gives priority to purchasing intellectual property rights for products important to security, socio-economics, developing the intellectual property ecosystem, and encouraging organizations and individuals to invest in start-up businesses. Owners will have the right to self-determine the value and create a list of assets for management in cases where the value of the assets has not been recorded in accounting.
The draft aims to develop the intellectual property market, meet commercial exploitation needs, and improve productivity, quality and competitiveness of the economy.
The amended and supplemented policies of the Intellectual Property Law facilitate institutes and schools.
Connect with research businesses, exploit patents and inventions.
Law amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Law on Technology Transfer
The amendment aims to improve the legal framework, promote effective and synchronous technology transfer activities and keep up with international trends. In particular, the draft Law on Technology Transfer will shorten administrative procedures, update the list of new technologies, strategic technologies and expand incentives for transfer activities. Three levels of transfer are stipulated including application, mastery and research and development, with support and incentive policies increasing gradually at each level, encouraging businesses to master and innovate technology.
The bill also adds provisions on technology transfer intermediary organizations - a model common in many countries but lacking in Vietnam. These organizations will help small and disadvantaged local businesses access, receive and master new technologies.
In addition, the draft expands the transfer of endogenous technology, encouraging the commercialization of domestic research results. Enterprises and scientists can contribute capital in the form of technology; the State is allowed to purchase and disseminate mastered technology to support production.
The bill also strengthens control over cross-border technology transfer to ensure technological security and promote Vietnamese technology exports. The State will develop a transparent and professional science and technology market, with trading floors and technology disclosure centers as the core connecting supply and demand.
The Law amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Law on Technology Transfer will promote innovation and develop the science and technology market.
Artificial Intelligence Law
Artificial intelligence is developing faster than the speed of building and perfecting institutions, creating a legal gap, especially in determining responsibility when AI causes damage. This issue is expected to be addressed by new regulations in the draft Law on Artificial Intelligence.
Accordingly, the Ministry of Science and Technology proposed classifying AI into four risk levels, with corresponding management mechanisms.
The unacceptable risk group includes AI systems that have the potential to cause serious, irreparable harm to human rights, national security, social order and safety, or are used for acts prohibited by law. This type of AI is proposed to be banned from development, provision, circulation or use in Vietnam, and can only be researched in controlled environments such as laboratories or educational institutions.
AI systems that manipulate human behavior and perception, causing loss of self-determination; AI that exploits the weaknesses of vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and people with disabilities; or AI that creates fake content that harms national security all belong to this group.
The high-risk group includes systems that are likely to cause harm to the life, health, rights and legitimate interests of individuals, organizations or important public interests. Before being put into circulation, these AIs are proposed to undergo conformity assessment and supervision by competent authorities.
Medium-risk AI systems are those that can confuse, deceive, or manipulate users because they are unaware of the nature of the AI system or the content it generates. Meanwhile, the low-risk group includes AI systems that do not fall into the above three cases, and are allowed to be developed and used according to regulations.
The draft Law on Artificial Intelligence will also promote the pillars of AI - Vietnam's intellectual infrastructure, including national computing and data infrastructure, platform models and core technologies, human resources and intellectual communities, application and innovation ecosystems, institutions, standards and AI safety. Accordingly, the "Vietnam AI path" is the center of open AI data computing, open technology, and testing frameworks.
Source: https://mst.gov.vn/5-du-luat-moi-ve-khoa-hoc-va-cong-nghe-197251106102921667.htm
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