Rare disease causes 17-year-old girl in Ho Chi Minh City to suddenly bleed all over her body

(Dan Tri) - A 17-year-old female patient was hospitalized with severe anemia, bleeding throughout her body and difficulty breathing due to a rare disease.

Patient named NTTH (residing in Cu Chi district, Ho Chi Minh City) has a history of mother with immune thrombocytopenia.

In the past 3 years, H. has frequently experienced symptoms of dizziness, vertigo, and prolonged menstrual bleeding. Despite visiting many medical facilities, being diagnosed with anemia, iron deficiency, immune thrombocytopenia, and being treated with oral medication, the patient's condition has not improved.

A week before being admitted to the hospital, the girl had hemorrhagic spots on both thighs and calves, spreading throughout her body, accompanied by chest pain and difficulty breathing. The patient was taken to the emergency room at Military Hospital 175 in a state of very severe hypochromic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and hemorrhagic and hemolytic syndrome.

Patient with systemic hemorrhage due to Evans syndrome (Photo: Hospital).

After performing extensive tests, doctors determined that the patient had primary Evans syndrome - a rare autoimmune disorder - which causes the body to produce antibodies that attack blood cells such as red blood cells, platelets and sometimes white blood cells.

At this time, the treatment regimen was urgently implemented by the team with blood transfusion and combination of immunosuppressive drugs.

After 11 days of active treatment, the patient's hematological indices improved significantly, with hemoglobin and platelets increasing.

The patient was then discharged from the hospital, continued to be monitored as an outpatient and had regular check-ups with stable health.

Doctor Mai Thi Thu Ly, Department of Clinical Hematology and Occupational Diseases, Military Hospital 175, who directly treated the patient, shared that Evans syndrome is one of the rare and complex autoimmune hematological diseases.

This syndrome accounts for only about 7% of cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and 2% of cases of immune thrombocytopenia.

Doctor examines patient with Evans syndrome (Photo: BV).

The disease can appear alone or in association with systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, lymphoproliferation... The disease has dramatic clinical manifestations, progresses rapidly and can easily cause serious complications if not detected early.

Common symptoms include pale skin, fatigue, jaundice, subcutaneous bleeding, bleeding gums, fever, persistent infections; the liver and spleen may be enlarged. Evans syndrome is diagnosed based on clinical and laboratory tests.

Due to atypical symptoms, many cases are misdiagnosed with common anemia, liver disease, coagulation disorders or other systemic diseases, causing delayed treatment.

Current treatment of Evans syndrome remains challenging due to the rarity of the disease and the lack of large-scale controlled trials. Treatment regimens have largely evolved from individual treatments of autoimmune hemolysis and immune thrombocytopenia.

Therefore, individualizing treatment regimens, comprehensive assessment, and close coordination between clinical and laboratory tests play a decisive role in disease control.

Source: https://dantri.com.vn/suc-khoe/can-benh-hiem-khien-co-gai-17-o-tphcm-tuoi-bong-xuat-huyet-toan-than-20250606163406724.htm