Despite facing many challenges from climate change, epidemics, and environmental pollution, the province's aquaculture output remains stable and increases steadily every year. The results are due to the fact that aquaculture households have actively applied technical advances, especially biotechnology, to production to minimize negative impacts on the environment, develop sustainable aquaculture, and increase product value.
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| Using biological products to treat the water environment in raising snakehead fish in Phuc Thang commune (Nghia Hung). |
In recent times, relevant departments, branches and localities in the province have promoted propaganda and dissemination of knowledge to raise people's awareness towards building a green, clean and environmentally safe agriculture . In particular, the solution of applying biotechnology in agricultural production has contributed to changing people's farming practices. Instead of using antibiotics and chemicals to treat aquatic diseases as before, many households have used biological products mixed into feed for farmed animals to enhance immunity, resistance, support digestion, help animals absorb food well, increase feed efficiency (reduce feed coefficient), promote growth. In addition, households also regularly add products directly to the farming environment to introduce beneficial microorganisms to decompose organic matter in water, absorb dead algae and reduce mud at the bottom of the pond; Reduce toxins in the water environment caused by gases: NH3, H2S..., reduce bad odors in the water, help the cultured objects grow well. Beneficial bacteria work strongly to inhibit, overwhelm and restrain the growth of harmful bacteria, limit the development of pathogens. In addition, biological products also have the effect of stabilizing pH, water color, limiting algae growth, reducing water treatment costs during the farming process, increasing dissolved oxygen in water to help aquatic products stay healthy and grow. Thereby contributing to limiting the indiscriminate use of chemicals that have negative impacts on the ecological environment to gradually build clean, safe and sustainable aquaculture models.
At the concentrated farming area of Xuan Hoa Aquaculture Cooperative, Xuan Hoa commune (Xuan Truong), with an area of 25 hectares, more than 20 households mainly raise catfish, black carp, grass carp, common carp; tiger prawn, white-leg shrimp according to VietGAP process. All households use water fans to increase oxygen content and use biological products periodically 2-3 times/month to clean the water environment and use probiotics mixed into the feed. Thanks to that, the growth rate of fish is faster, fish are less susceptible to disease, reducing the feed utilization coefficient during the farming process. Each year, the cooperative supplies the market with 500 tons of various types of fish and about 8 tons of white-leg shrimp, tiger prawn; total revenue reaches about 25 billion VND. In order to overcome the impact of unusual weather changes, some shrimp farming households in the communes and towns: Rang Dong (Nghia Hung); Hai Ly, Hai Chinh (Hai Hau); Giao Phong (Giao Thuy)... has applied Biofloc technology to raise super-intensive shrimp in 2-3 stages with 2-3 times more efficiency than traditional farming methods. Biofloc technology is a process of self-nitrification in aquaculture ponds without changing water. Biofloc gathers a mass of organic matter suspended in water such as unicellular algae, multicellular algae, feces, excess food, dead microorganisms, bacteria and even invertebrates,... This mass has the ability to assimilate organic waste into bacterial biomass in a very short time to improve the water environment without needing light like algae. At the same time, it is food for aquatic animals with high nutritional content. Mr. Tran Van Thuy, in Giao Phong commune, has nearly 3 hectares of white-leg shrimp farming with 30 tanks and cement ponds lined with tarpaulin. All tanks are equipped with pipes to bring clean water in and drain dirty water from the inside out. In addition, the tanks are equipped with a water fan system and an oxygen generator for super-intensive shrimp farming. Mr. Thuy said that applying Biofloc technology helps him divide the shrimp farming process into 3 different stages according to the age of the shrimp. In stage 1, the nursery stage is from the time of release to 30 days old, when the shrimp reach 500-700 grams, they will be "shared" to another tank to continue raising in stage 2 with a reduced density. When the shrimp reach a size of 120-200 shrimp/kg, they will be transferred to larger ponds to raise commercial shrimp until they reach a size of 30-40 shrimp/kg, then sold. “Applying this method helps me raise shrimp at a higher density but still easily control diseases, food sources, and water environment. In addition, raising in a greenhouse helps limit the difference in temperature between day and night, while controlling fluctuations in the water environment; helping shrimp grow well, develop evenly for larger weight and minimize risks compared to traditional shrimp farming methods,” added Mr. Thuy. Each year, Mr. Thuy's family supplies the market with an average of 150-250 tons of commercial shrimp.
The transfer and application of biotechnology to aquaculture in particular and agricultural production in general in our province has brought about efficiency, contributing to the formation of production and consumption chains for high-value products, creating jobs and improving people's lives in localities. In order to continue promoting the application of biotechnology in the stages of production, preservation and processing of agricultural, forestry and fishery products, in March 2023, the Provincial People's Committee approved the Project "Application of science and technology to develop the biotechnology industry in Nam Dinh province". Through the implementation of the project to promote innovation, support businesses in receiving new technologies and techniques, gradually forming and developing biotechnology enterprises to produce disease-free key aquatic products; producing biological products for environmental treatment and serving the preservation and processing of key aquatic products, high value to meet the domestic and export markets; producing vaccines to prevent diseases for aquatic animals, etc.
Biotechnology is increasingly showing its important application role in many areas of life and production, especially in the agricultural economy in general and the fisheries economy in particular, creating breakthrough developments and opening up prospects for new growth models. It is a technology developed on the principle of following nature, ensuring harmony with the natural environment, especially in the context of high requirements for sustainable growth as today. Promoting the application of biotechnology in aquaculture is an effective solution to promote the potential strengths of the locality, promote sustainable development of the fisheries economy, ensure livelihoods and improve the lives of farmers, protect the marine environment and natural aquatic resources./.
Article and photos: Ngoc Anh
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