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The journey to becoming an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity

Việt NamViệt Nam11/04/2024

On December 6, 2012, in Paris (France), at the 7th session of the Intergovernmental Committee of the UNESCO 2003 Convention on the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage, the Hung Kings worshiping belief in Phu Tho was recognized before nearly 200 countries and international organizations, receiving unanimous agreement and becoming a representative intangible cultural heritage of humanity. This is the result of unity, collective intellectual strength, and the concerted effort to bring the sacred belief of the nation to the world .

Mr. Nguyen Tien Khoi - former Director of the Hung Kings Historical Relic Site (2005 - 2011), currently Chairman of the Provincial Historical Science Association, has spent many years researching the Hung Kings worshiping belief.

As someone deeply devoted to his homeland and wholeheartedly dedicated to historical research, Mr. Nguyen Tien Khoi - former Director of the Hung Kings Historical Relic Site (2005-2011) - still vividly remembers the events in that glorious process. The aspiration to nominate the Hung Kings worshiping belief in Phu Tho to become a representative intangible cultural heritage of humanity was a strong determination of the leaders and people of Phu Tho province. After numerous research projects and workshops, and following a rigorous, meticulous, and thorough selection process, the Hung Kings worshiping belief, classified as an intangible cultural heritage - social custom, was submitted by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism to the Prime Minister for approval in March 2011.

Even after nominating the Hung Kings worship belief, some concerns remained regarding the transformation of this custom in contemporary life. However, Phu Tho province and scientists clarified the history of the heritage and demonstrated that, from the 13th-14th centuries (Ly-Tran dynasties), and especially during the Nguyen dynasty (19th-20th centuries), Vietnam played a significant role in preserving and maintaining several sacred customs associated with legends about the origin and ancestors of the Vietnamese people.

Millions of Vietnamese people made pilgrimages to Hung Temple on the occasion of the Ancestor Commemoration Day on the 10th day of the 3rd lunar month of the Year of the Goat (2015).

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In his story, Mr. Khoi recounted the concerns and anxieties of the members of the Steering Committee for compiling the dossier that year. “The geopolitical, historical, and cultural differences between the countries and nations worried every member of the Steering Committee. I, along with other researchers, visited countries with similarities to Vietnam in ancestor worship culture, such as China, South Korea, and Japan, to study, compare, evaluate, and strengthen our arguments,” Mr. Khoi shared.

Thanks to the determination of the provincial leaders, the responsibility and dedication of the scientists, the involvement of all levels and sectors, and the consensus and support of the people, the collective has built a rigorous, in-depth, and highly persuasive scientific dossier for international experts. The dossier on the Hung Kings worshiping belief in Phu Tho not only meets all five criteria of a world intangible cultural heritage as stipulated in the 2003 Convention, but is also highly appreciated by international experts. Most notably, it highlights the value: "The registration of the Hung Kings worshiping belief contributes to identifying forms of ancestor worship practiced in many other countries and encourages communities to recognize similarities, while simultaneously enhancing respect for cultural diversity."

The communes and wards surrounding Hung Mountain carry palanquins to Hung Temple.

On the eve of the conference, Comrade Hoang Dan Mac - former Secretary of the Phu Tho Provincial Party Committee (then Chairman of the Provincial People's Committee) affirmed in a press interview: "This is a decision of immense historical, cultural, and spiritual significance because the Hung Kings worship belief, for thousands of years, has been a sacred belief, a strength that unites the community, and a spiritual anchor for the Vietnamese nation to overcome all the difficulties and challenges of history to survive and develop."

Over the past 12 years, the promise to preserve and promote the value of the heritage, ensuring its enduring existence and its status as a representative cultural heritage of humanity—a promise made by successive generations of provincial leaders on behalf of the community and the nation to honor their ancestors and to the international community—has been seriously implemented. Besides investing in, building, and renovating infrastructure to facilitate pilgrimages to the ancestral roots while preserving the sacred worship spaces of the Hung Kings, provincial leaders throughout history have also consistently provided favorable conditions and implemented various policies to support the preservation of the belief: investing in research and collection of legends, rituals, and folk performances related to the Hung Kings worship through scientific studies; conducting the annual Hung Kings Commemoration Ceremony with solemnity and reverence; and encouraging people in localities with relics dedicated to the Hung Kings and other figures from the Hung Kings era to voluntarily organize ceremonies and offer incense in gratitude. The community is highly regarded as the creative subject, playing a core role in preserving, protecting, and promoting heritage values. Currently, the province has 345 relics dedicated to the worship of Hung Kings and other figures from the Hung King era.

In the education of young generations, 100% of primary, secondary, and high schools in the province actively implement the "Schools Connected with Heritage" model. Along with Xoan singing, the Hung Kings worshiping tradition has been included in the province's local education program under the new general education curriculum since the 2021-2022 school year. Lessons help students understand the importance of their homeland's heritage and apply their knowledge to protect these precious cultural values.

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The project to renovate and upgrade the infrastructure of the Hung Temple Historical Relic Site (2021-2023), with a total investment of 300 billion VND, is being implemented with many components that also contribute to preserving the natural landscape and ecological environment of the relic site, serving people from both inside and outside the country who come to visit and pay respects to their ancestors.

Like many other intangible cultural heritages, the Hung Kings worship belief – a social custom, ritual, and festival that has existed for thousands of years – inevitably faces challenges in the face of modern societal development. However, the people of Phu Tho in particular, and the Vietnamese people in general, with the legend of brothers born from the same parents from a hundred eggs, pledge to unite and work together to preserve, protect, and promote the value of the Hung Kings worship belief, befitting its status as a representative intangible cultural heritage of humanity.

Thuy Trang

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