Brocade weaving is one of the traditional crafts that has existed for a long time, often associated with women and preserved and passed down from generation to generation. Nowadays, traditional brocade products are still used in daily life, in important ceremonies such as Tet, full month ceremony, weddings, funerals, etc. of the ethnic minority communities in the mountainous areas and have especially become local commodities and tourism products.
Brocade weaving is a long-standing craft, it not only serves the needs of the people but also the unique identity of each ethnic group. Brocade reflects quite clearly the differences in the cultural life of each ethnic group and region. In the markets, we can see the costumes worn by women. Mong ethnic girls are dressed up in dresses with the main color of red and bright yellow. In addition to straight lines and straight segments, Mong people also arrange circular patterns, curves, spirals on snails or spirals on snails arranged symmetrically through mirrors to form hooks or symmetrically on the rotation axis to form the letter "S". These are types of motifs with curves, spirals that are definitely graceful, rhythmic, and flexible, creating a harmonious composition that is not monotonous, only seen in Mong people's costumes.
These motifs represent the changes of the sun, weather, space and time, which are common cultural assets of many ethnic groups but are strongly expressed in the decoration of the Mong people. The traditional costumes of the Mong people show their depth and identity, the linen material and the colorful decorations include many colors combined together, the technique of creating patterns on the fabric combines embroidery, fabric patchwork, and elaborate beeswax printing, creating the unique features of the Mong ethnic costume.
For the Dao Tien people, who have been familiar with weaving since they were 6 or 7 years old, Dao Tien women weave brocade not only as a source of income but also as a place to express their feelings. Through colors and patterns on the fabric, Dao Tien women weave brocade to sew clothes, towels and household items such as blankets, slings, pillow covers, bed sheets, etc., which are very beautiful, delicate and contain many traditional cultural features.
The costumes of the Dao Tien people have two main colors: indigo and black. The patterns and silver jewelry on the costumes of Dao Tien women have many star shapes, symbolizing the power of nature and the universe. In particular, the costumes of the Dao Tien people must have diamond-shaped patterns, dog-shaped patterns, spider-shaped patterns, and flower-shaped patterns, which are also unique characteristics of the brocade weaving profession of the Dao Tien people.
Red Dao women dress splendidly in black fabric, with colorful embroidered or attached red pieces of fabric, a 1.6m long scarf wrapped around the head like a hat brim, and a buffalo-shaped piece of fabric with many elaborate embroidered motifs and patterns wrapped around the waist and down the back of the shirt. Wide-leg pants are decorated with brown, red, green and white squares. The back of the fabric is covered with a square of fabric showing the embroidery talent and skillful hands.
The black Lo Lo women's costumes are elaborately sewn and embroidered. The short, indigo-black shirt exposes the belly, with two narrow sleeves connecting from the shoulders to the wrists with blue, red, purple, yellow fabric circles... usually nine different colored circles. The two front flaps are decorated with red floral fabric fringes, the buttons are made of round copper buttons, the back is patched with triangular colored fabric pieces forming squares with sawtooth patterns like rice flowers, water waves...
The Tay people are simple in their indigo shirts, not as colorful as other ethnic groups, but still create their own charm. Tay brocade often has rich and diverse decorative patterns, harmoniously combining lines and colors on a background of opaque white, bright, dark, hot, cold colors are skillfully processed with patterns of pear flowers, plum flowers, peach flowers, some animals such as deer, elephants, horses, birds, ... clearly showing the landscape where they live. Tay brocade usually has 6 main colors: blue, red, purple, yellow, black, white. From those main colors, weavers have mixed dark and light tones suitable for each product, the layout of the motifs on the brocade is very diverse, creating extremely unique brocades.
The Nung have many different groups of costumes and patterns, mainly patterns of embroidered fabric pieces on costumes with soft, graceful lines close to nature, and gentle colors. They also have techniques of using beeswax to create patterns on indigo fabric. The Nung have strengths in weaving and dyeing quite completely, with many of their own secrets. Like the Tay, the Nung's costumes are mainly indigo fabric dyed blue or black, not as elaborate as other ethnic groups.
Brocade plays an important role in the spiritual life of Cao Bang people. Such as altar covers, details that make up the shaman's hats, scarves, tool bags, and cushions... With skillful hands, creativity and passion, Cao Bang ethnic girls have created unique products. That is the traditional cultural beauty of the people here.
Dang Yen Vy
Source: https://baocaobang.vn/net-dep-tho-cam-cao-bang-3173913.html
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