5 early signs of thyroid cancer

Thyroid cancer can be easily detected when there is a lump in the neck, voice changes, fatigue, difficulty swallowing or sudden weight loss.

Endoscopic team of doctors performed a transoral thyroid tumor resection at Bai Chay Hospital. Photo: Provided by the hospital

Thyroid cancer originates in the thyroid gland, an organ that produces hormones that regulate metabolism, heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. According to the American Cancer Society, the disease is usually diagnosed at an average age of 51 and is found three times more often in women than in men.

Early recognition of symptoms is key to effective intervention and treatment. Here are five signs to watch out for.

Neck tumor

The most obvious sign is a nodule or lump in the neck. About 80% of women may have thyroid nodules, but only 5-15% of them are malignant, according to the Johns Hopkins Health System. Regular checkups can help detect abnormalities early.

Voice changer

Hoarseness or persistent voice changes often warn of thyroid cancer, the US National Cancer Institute said. The thyroid gland is close to the larynx, and a spreading tumor can easily put pressure on and affect the vocal cords.

Dysphagia

As the tumor increases in size and compresses the esophagus, the patient will experience persistent sore throat, choking, and difficulty swallowing. This is a symptom that should not be ignored and should be checked early.

Chronic fatigue

A study published in BMC Cancer in 2024 noted that fatigue and sleep disturbances were prominent in patients with advanced stage disease. Because the thyroid gland controls energy production, disruptions in this function can lead to physical decline and emotional disturbances.

Unexplained weight loss

A 2019 analysis in Nature found that thyroid cancer alters the body’s metabolism, causing unintended weight loss. If you also experience thyroid-related symptoms, you should monitor your weight and seek medical attention early.

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