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| Fire escape drill. (Photo: Duy Hoan) |
Instructions for escaping from a fire in a detached or semi-detached house
According to the Ministry of Public Security, to escape safely in the event of a fire, one must first determine a safe exit from the burning house.
Normally, exits to safety in detached or semi-detached houses include: the main door exit of the house; exits to the emergency stairs outside the house from each floor; exits to the balcony or loggia; exits to the terrace or roof (top floor) to escape to the adjacent building.
In addition, for independent apartments, the safe escape route is through windows and balconies when there are supporting equipment such as ladders, ladders, slow-lowering self-rescue ropes, etc.
When discovering a fire, everyone needs to pay attention: The first person to discover the fire needs to quickly raise the alarm so that everyone in the house knows and quickly escape through the main door of the house if this door is not yet covered by fire and smoke.
During the move, stay calm and take measures to avoid inhaling smoke, toxic gases or being splashed with fire causing burns or burning clothes.
In case the exit through the main door on the first floor is covered by fire and smoke, stay calm and think with family members, find another way out such as: move out to the balcony and use means such as rope ladders if available, or in urgent cases, use ropes or self-connected ropes made from objects such as curtains, bed sheets, pants, to escape down and to a safe place.
However, before using the rope to descend, you need to make sure the rope is sturdy and tied to sturdy structures.
You can move to the balcony or through the window and find a way to escape through neighboring houses and buildings; move to the top floor or roof and escape to neighboring buildings if possible.
During the move, use a wet towel or shirt to cover your nose and mouth to limit inhalation of smoke and toxic gases.
For houses and buildings with iron cages surrounding the outside of the house, it is possible to escape through the windows on those iron cages to adjacent buildings.
If there are no escape doors available on the iron cages, calmly look for items such as hammers, axes or other items to break or widen the cells on the iron cages so that people can crawl through and go to adjacent structures or down to a safe place with the support of people around.
The Ministry of Public Security recommends that you absolutely do not run into the bathroom to hide, because it is very easy to suffocate from smoke and fire when the fire spreads throughout the entire apartment.
In some urgent situations, to prevent fires from spreading from lower floors to upper floors, people can drain water from the bathroom so that the water overflows onto the floor and flows down to the lower floors, which can prevent the fire from spreading to the upper floors.
However, when draining water in the apartment, it is important to turn off the main circuit breaker to avoid electric shock due to overflowing water causing short circuits in electrical equipment.
In all cases, when detecting a fire, quickly call the Fire Prevention, Fire Fighting and Rescue Police force at 114 to promptly rescue and extinguish the fire.
Instructions for escaping fire in apartment buildings and high-rise buildings
The Ministry of Public Security instructs that in multi-storey, high-rise apartment buildings, safe escape routes are the stairs inside the building (the entrance to the elevator shaft has an automatically closing door) or open stairs located outside the building (usually iron stairs).
When a fire occurs in a high-rise building, to escape safely, people need to observe the building's hallways leading from the apartments to the exits. There are usually signs. Victims move in the direction of the arrows to reach the escape elevator.
At the entrance to the elevator shaft (inside the house) or open staircase (outside), there will be an "EXIT" sign. When entering the elevator shaft, people will move down and out to a safe place.
To escape safely, the Ministry of Public Security recommends that you only use the stairs, absolutely do not use the elevator to escape, because the power supply system for the elevator can be lost and the elevator will suddenly stop at any position, the victim will be stuck in the elevator and at risk of being affected by the fire, inhaling smoke, toxic gases leading to death in a short time.
On the way to escape, you need to notify everyone in the adjacent apartments and press the emergency fire alarm button so that everyone in the building knows there is a fire and can evacuate in time.
During the evacuation process, everyone should support each other, especially paying attention to helping the elderly, children and pregnant women. Absolutely do not jostle or push, which can lead to injury and endanger the lives of many people.
In case the main entrance door to the apartment and the hallway leading to the fire escape are both surrounded by smoke and fire, making it impossible to escape from the room, quickly close the door and take measures to prevent smoke and fire from spreading into the apartment.
Use your phone to quickly call the Fire Prevention, Fire Fighting and Rescue Police at 114 for timely rescue; move to the window or balcony, shout loudly and use a shirt, towel or bright-colored object to wave to let people know where you are in distress.
In all cases, absolutely do not rush to jump from high places to escape without ensuring safety conditions such as air mattresses or other protective equipment deployed by the Fire Prevention, Fire Fighting and Rescue Police below.
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