International rear in the resistance war against America, saving the country

That struggle has won the sympathy and strong support of revolutionary and progressive forces in the world . Promoting solidarity and support from the international rear is one of the decisive factors for the victory of the Vietnamese people.

Vietnam received sympathy and support from countries in the socialist system for its just stance against the unjust war of aggression by the US imperialists. Many rallies, demonstrations, and volunteer registration movements to go to Vietnam were held in many countries. Youth, women, and teenage groups organized many fundraising activities to support the Vietnamese people. Many agencies and organizations collected signatures and petitions to protest the war of aggression by the US imperialists.

Vietnam received great assistance from the Soviet Union, China and other countries in the socialist system in terms of materials, advisors and technical experts. The Soviet Union provided modern weapons and means of war such as: airplanes, tanks, armored vehicles, missiles, artillery... China provided infantry weapons, military uniforms, military equipment, food, medicine, some fuel, means of transport and some military vehicles, artillery and artillery shells.

In April 1965, the first Soviet military expert delegation arrived in Vietnam with the mission of quickly training and putting into combat two air defense regiments of the Vietnam People's Army. From April 1965 to May 1966, 2,266 Soviet air defense experts arrived in Vietnam, training on-site 10 air defense missile regiments, 3 radio engineering regiments, and 2 fighter air force regiments. Vietnam's air defense force was equipped with many types of modern weapons by the Soviet Union. Since July 1965, the SA-75 Dvina high-altitude surface-to-air missile system (SAM) has been present in Vietnam.

China provided Vietnam with non-refundable aid for production and repair equipment for military zone engineering workshops and provincial military stations; transited a large volume of Soviet military aid across the Sino-Soviet border and transported by rail through Chinese territory into Vietnam.

China also helped upgrade, repair, expand and protect land routes in border provinces bordering China, to increase the ability to transport materials and mobilize combat forces and war vehicles during operations; helped Vietnam build oil depots in Dong Dang ( Lang Son ), Quang Ninh and provided Vietnam with hundreds of kilometers of field oil pipeline equipment, along with some specialized machinery.

From March 1968 to early 1975, the Vietnamese petroleum troops built a fuel pipeline system nearly 5,000 km long from Dong Dang (Lang Son) to Bu Gia Map..., of which more than 500 km of pipelines were supported by China, the remaining nearly 4,500 km of pipelines were Soviet field pipelines.

During the war of destruction in the North, the Hanoi-Huu Nghi Quan railway was the vital route for transporting international aid instead of the fiercely blockaded Hai Phong port. Every day, there was still a military train carrying 1,000 tons of goods from socialist countries across the Chinese border into inland Vietnam.

Countries were willing to send volunteers to help Vietnam fight the US. Hungary had a movement to donate blood to Vietnam, volunteer to go to Vietnam to fight, and donate to support Vietnam.

In 1965, in Bulgaria there were 245 mass rallies in support of Vietnam, some with up to 10,000 participants; the organization organized a "three-continent week in support of Vietnam" declaring its readiness to send volunteer troops to Vietnam if Vietnam requested.

In early 1966, Cuban President Fidel Castro declared: “For Vietnam, Cuba is willing to sacrifice its blood.” In August 1966, Cuba sent a military delegation including air force, missile, anti-aircraft, artillery, and medical personnel to Vietnam... Cuba enthusiastically helped Vietnam with equipment to build roads.

North Korea sent a number of pilots to Vietnam to help with training, directly participating with the pilots of the Vietnam People's Army in combat to protect the northern rear. Vietnam received valuable logistical and technical aid from the countries: Hungary, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, and the German Democratic Republic.

During the resistance war against the US to save the country, the total volume of international aid for the Vietnamese army and people was estimated at about 2,362,682 tons, worth about 7 billion rubles.

Together with Vietnam, the people of the two neighboring countries Laos and Cambodia united, helped and supported each other to fight against the invasion of American imperialism. When the American imperialism expanded its attacks from 1965, Laotian soldiers and guerrillas closely coordinated with Vietnamese soldiers to fight back enemy aircraft and prevent encroachment and raids.

People in 17 districts of 7 provinces of Laos left their homes and fields to go into the deep forests to live; people contributed millions of working days, together with the army and Vietnamese youth volunteer forces, to rebuild and repair roads, transport food, and wounded soldiers, contributing to the operation of the Ho Chi Minh trail.

Vietnam was assisted by the government of Cambodian King Norodom Sihanouk, who allowed them to receive and transport aid, especially weapons, through the port of Sihanoukville, then gather them at the border and transfer them to Vietnam.

The world people's movement against the US war in Vietnam became a powerful political force, increasingly deeply influencing the policies and belligerent attitudes of many governments around the world towards the Vietnam War issue.

Around the world, many delegations of countries, parties, and progressive organizations from Asia, Africa, Europe, and America came directly to Vietnam to express solidarity, support, and assistance. Vietnam received great sympathy, support, and assistance from the world peace and democracy movement, from socio-political organizations, from many dignitaries, intellectuals, parliamentarians, writers, journalists, etc. for its just struggle.

The Conference on Solidarity of the Peoples of Asia, Africa, and Latin America (January 1966) in Cuba marked the actual formation of the Tricontinental People's Front, uniting the people of the three continents with the Vietnamese people against imperialism. In Northern Europe, the NLF Movement was formed. The NLF is a mass organization supporting the struggle of the Vietnamese people. Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland all have NLF organizations.

On August 10, 1972, the Conference of Foreign Ministers of Non-Aligned Countries, consisting of 59 countries, meeting in Georgetown (Guyana), recognized the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam as an official member, passed a resolution on Indochina, and affirmed full support for the heroic and just struggle of the people of Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos for independence and freedom.

The world people's movement against the US imperialists' invasion of Vietnam and the anti-war movement of the American people strongly attacked the policies of the US President Richard Nixon's administration. The spark that ignited the American people's struggle was the American student movement. The people's struggle spread to the ranks of American soldiers: protesting against going to Vietnam, demanding demobilization, sending letters home denouncing the crimes that American soldiers committed against the Vietnamese people, and the form of struggle at a high level and fiercely was burning military draft cards.

Jane Fonda, the famous American actress, visited Vietnam. Reverend Martin Luther King and Dr. Benjamin Spock led a protest of one hundred thousand people against the war in New York... The self-immolations of Americans against the war such as Norman Morrison, Roger Allen LaPorte... deeply shocked American society, moving progressive humanity.

1972 was the year the struggle movement rose strongly, causing a crisis right in the United States. 30,000 people in New York demonstrated loudly shouting “Withdraw now! From Vietnam”. The movement against the war, against the US government of all social classes in the US, including congressmen and veterans, rose. American society was deeply divided: conflicts, disagreements in views, assessments, and war management between the executive branch (government) and the legislative branch (congress); between the president and the ministers; between the US government and the government of the Republic of Vietnam; between the Pentagon and the US military command in South Vietnam.

In the history of the world, there has never been a national struggle that has received such widespread and strong support from the people of the opposing country as the Vietnamese people's resistance war against the US to save the country. President Ho Chi Minh called "Front number 1 against US imperialism is Vietnam. Front number 2 is right in the US". Never before in the world has there been such a widespread, long-lasting and effective movement in both material and spiritual terms to support the cause of a small nation against a superpower.

For the first time in the world, there is an international court that tries a country like the Bertrand Russel International Court to try the US war crimes in Vietnam.

The struggle of the Vietnamese people for independence and peace was completely just and received the support of the people of countries that love peace, progress and democracy. The international support in the resistance war against the US to save the country promoted the struggle for national liberation of Vietnam. The solidarity and support of the international community contributed significantly to the victory of the Vietnamese people.

Associate Professor, Dr. TRINH THI HONG HANH

Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics

Nhandan.vn

Source: https://nhandan.vn/hau-phuong-quoc-te-trong-cuoc-khang-chien-chong-my-cuu-nuoc-post871545.html