Mystery of the artifact that awakened the gods in the tomb of an Egyptian pharaoh

Four trays and four sticks found in the burial chamber of Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun may have been used in the "awakening of Osiris" ritual, according to an Egyptologist.

Nicholas Brown, a postdoctoral fellow in Egyptology at Yale University, said eight artifacts were found in the burial chamber of

Egyptian pharaoh

Tutankhamun's tomb in the Valley of the Kings was used in a sacred ritual. It was the "Awakening of Osiris". Photo: CK-TravelPhotos via Shutterstock.

According to expert Brown, this is the earliest evidence of ritual practice at

tomb of pharaoh Tutankhamun

famous ancient Egypt. "The entire burial chamber appears to have been set up to re-enact a funerary ritual known from later times as the 'Awakening of Osiris'," said expert Brown. Photo: Burton photograph 0010 © Griffith Institute, University of Oxford (colourised by Dynamichrome).

Osiris is the god of the underworld of the people.

Egypt

ancient. According to mythology, Osiris was resurrected after being murdered by his brother Seth. During this process, Osiris' son Horus waved a stick at his father and woke him up. Photo: Burton photograph 0010 © Griffith Institute, University of Oxford (coloured by Dynamichrome).

So the “Awakening of Osiris” seems to recreate this story, using four trays of liquid – possibly Nile water or wine – that were used to pour onto the pharaoh’s mummy or alongside it. Meanwhile, the four sticks could represent the staff used by Horus. Photo: Burton photograph 0010 © Griffith Institute, University of Oxford (colourised by Dynamichrome).

The liquid offerings had great symbolic value. According to the Pyramid Texts – a series of funerary texts written on the walls of several Egyptian pyramids – the liquid contained in four trays was needed to reverse the decaying corpse and bring it back to life. Photo: Burton photograph 0010 © Griffith Institute, University of Oxford (colourised by Dynamichrome).

Additionally, Brown notes that water from the Nile, known as the “eye of Horus,” was a symbol of rebirth and victory over evil, including death. Photo: Burton photograph 0010 © Griffith Institute, University of Oxford (coloured by Dynamichrome).

The eight objects represent cardinal directions and symbolically surround the deceased for protection, said expert Brown. Photo: Burton photograph 0010 © Griffith Institute, University of Oxford (colourised by Dynamichrome).

Tutankhamun's father, Pharaoh Akhenaten, carried out a religious revolution in Egypt, worshiping only the sun god Aten instead of the polytheistic religion as before. Photo: Burton photograph 0010 © Griffith Institute, University of Oxford (colourised by Dynamichrome).

“Pharaoh Akhenaten transformed the country’s religious beliefs from polytheism to monotheism. This also affected the official belief in the afterlife, which focused on resurrection through Osiris, which was no longer allowed,” said expert Brown. Photo: Burton photograph 0010 © Griffith Institute, University of Oxford (coloured by Dynamichrome).

After the death of Pharaoh Akhenaten, his son Tutankhamun took power and reversed his father's religious decisions, returning Egypt to polytheism. The ritual of awakening Osiris during royal funerals was a way to demonstrate that this powerful god had returned. Photo: Burton photograph 0010 © Griffith Institute, University of Oxford (colourised by Dynamichrome).

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