According to the above, writing “nụất trưng” is a misspelling. However, in reality, it is not.
Dozens of dictionaries we have on hand record both the spellings “nụất mật” and “nụất trưng”:
- Vietnamese Dictionary (Hoang Phe editor- Vietlex) entry “nuột trưng”, notes that this is the “old or dialect” way of writing, and gives instructions on how to read “nuột chưng”. Thus, the dictionary compiler still records “nuột trưng” but aims for the more common way of writing “nuột chưng”.
- Vietnamese dictionary (Association for Enlightenment and Progress - 1931) collected "nuột trưng", with the meaning "Swallow something without chewing", and used the example "Put a pill in the mouth and swallow it whole". This book does not put "nuột trưng" in a separate section, but in the "chưng" section, explaining it as "Upright, not entangled", and used the example "Nuột trưng, bo chung".
- Vietnamese dictionary (Le Van Duc - 1970) does not record “chưng” and “nuột mật”. In the “chưng” section, this book explains it as “Trông, nhon, ửa một lại”, and gives the example “The dog swallowed a piece of meat; the job was not finished but he swallowed a thousand silver coins!”. In the “nuột trung” section, it explains it as “Nuột trong”, and notes it as “Nuột mới và Ngự lưu”.
- Vietnamese orthography dictionary (Le Ngoc Tru - 1967) only records the word "nuột trưng", not "nuột mật".
- The Vietnamese General Dictionary (Dao Van Tap - 1951) only records the word "swallow".
- The new Vietnamese dictionary (Thanh Nghi - 1951) also only records the word "swallow".
- Annamite - French Dictionary (LM.
Génibrel - 1898), also only recorded the word "swallow".
Notably, many books collect the word “nuột trong” with the same meaning as “nuột mật”, “nuột trưng”. For example, the Vietnamese Dictionary (Hoang Phe - Vietlex) explains “nuột trong” as “nuột mật” and gives the example “the boy swallowed the whole piece of cake”. The Vietnamese Dictionary (Hoi Khai Tri Tien Duc) also records “nuột trong” and explains it as “The same meaning as swallowing truong”.
Many ancient dictionaries only record "nuột trong" and not "nuột trưng", such as: Dai Nam Quoc Am Tu Vi (Huỳnh Tinh Paulus Của - 1885, 1896); Annam - Latin Dictionary (GM.
Taberd - 1883); French - Anamite Dictionary (Truong Vinh Ky - 1884).
Notably, Dai Nam Quoc Am Tu Vi explains “trong” as “Large, quite large and intact”; “trong trongg” = “Medium large, not small”; “trong tron = Large but intact. Smooth rice grain”; “trong hon = big grain”; “trong nguoi = Big kid, not small”; “Anh com trongg” = “Eat whole rice grain; eat by yourself without having to chew. (Children)”; “Nuot trong = “Swallow something large without chewing first”.
Thus, based on the appearance of words in dictionaries from the past to the present, "trong" (swallow trong) is the earliest, followed by "trưng" (swallow truong) and the latest is "chưng" (swallow whole).
So, etymologically speaking, where does trongg↔trưng↔chưng come from?
The answer is "trong" which comes from the word "trong" 重.
The character 重 (another pronunciation is “trung” in the word “trung lap”) has a meaning of “large” (the 22nd meaning that the Chinese dictionary has explained). “Nuot trong” means to swallow a large piece, leaving it intact without chewing. Trong hot = large seed, just like people often say to choose the “trong”, that is, to choose the largest one among the things that are chopped or cut into small pieces.
The relationship between ONG↔ONG (trong ↔ trong) we see in many other cases such as letting loose ↔ letting loose; wandering ↔ wandering,...
From the word “nuột trongg”, it becomes “nuột trưng” ( Thanh Hoa dialect pronounces it as “tráng” or “trưng”). The relationship ÔNG↔UNG, we still encounter in Thanh Hoa dialect such as di đồng↔di dung; đến cùng↔ đến công. As for the relationship TR↔CH, we can also cite many examples, such as tea↔che; trường↔chương,...
Thus, “nuột trong” and “nuột trưng” are the earliest recorded ways of speaking and writing, followed by “nuột chưng”. Currently, the way of speaking and writing “nuột chưng” is considered common, but that does not mean that the way of writing “nuột trưng” is incorrect. Accordingly, “nuột chưng” and “nuột trưng” must be classified as “dual possibility” (both ways of writing are acceptable).
Hoang Trinh Son (Contributor)
Source: https://baothanhhoa.vn/nuot-chung-nbsp-va-nuot-trung-254254.htm
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