Parasite discovered 'disguising' as human cells to escape the immune system

Parasites - Photo 1.

Image shows E. histolytica (green) attacking human T cells (white blood cells) - Photo: Professor Katherine Ralston

Scientists at the University of California (USA) have just made a breakthrough discovery about the mechanism of action of a dangerous parasite that can liquefy human organs.

Research led by microbiologist Professor Katherine Ralston has shed light on the mystery of how the parasite attacks the human body.

This single-celled parasite, scientifically known as "Entamoeba histolytica", currently affects about 50 million people each year and causes 70,000 deaths. What makes it special is that it has the ability to kill human cells and then "disguise" itself as dead cells to avoid detection by the immune system.

According to research, this parasite usually enters the human body through the digestive tract when eating contaminated food or water. Although most infections only cause diarrhea, in some cases it can be fatal by eating away at the large intestine, liquefying the liver, and even attacking the brain and lungs.

Unlike previous theories that the parasites inject toxins into human cells, the team found that they actually "bite" off small pieces of cells through a process called "trogocytosis" - a biological process in which cells take away parts of the cell membrane or molecules from other cells through direct contact.

After "eating" the cells, they use the remains as a camouflage to fool the immune system.

To further investigate this mechanism, Professor Ralston's team built an "RNAi library" that allowed them to study each of the parasite's 8,734 known genes.

Using gene editing technology, scientists can tag proteins inside the parasite with fluorescent chemicals to track their activity.

VNA

Source: https://tuoitre.vn/phat-hien-ky-sinh-trung-doi-lot-te-bao-nguoi-de-tron-he-mien-dich-20250514064815289.htm