Commitment, trends, and drivers

Against a backdrop of deep geopolitical divisions, escalating conflicts in many regions, and the increasingly severe impacts of climate change, the G20 summit in Brazil was highly anticipated internationally.

The 2024 G20 summit achieved important results. (Source: G20.org)

Hope for a “healing solution”

Overcoming numerous challenges, the 2024 G20 Summit in Brazil concluded with a joint declaration offering hope for “healing solutions” to “global wounds.” The summit achieved important agreements, committing to addressing global challenges and pursuing sustainable development goals.

Key commitments include increasing taxes on the super-rich, establishing mechanisms to combat tax evasion, mobilizing all resources, and ensuring financing for climate change response; supporting energy transition, and fostering technological cooperation.

For the first time, a global coalition against poverty was established. Conflicts and humanitarian crises in Ukraine and the Middle East were also addressed, emphasizing the promotion of ceasefires and the protection of civilians… Although some leaders were not satisfied with the “intensity” of the conflict, it was sufficient for the joint statement to be adopted.

From the 19th G20 Summit, several key trends and important messages emerged. Firstly, efforts to reduce inequality across global sectors. The view of host country President Lula da Silva that financial inequality stems not from lack but from unfair political decisions received strong support from many countries and international organizations.

Similarly, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres emphasized that the G20, especially the developed countries, are the biggest emitters of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases, possessing the greatest capacity and responsibility in combating global climate change. However, the contributions of wealthy countries are not commensurate with their gains from natural resources and their dominance in global production and trade chains.

Secondly, the voice of the Southern Hemisphere nations is increasingly influential on many international issues. Along with invited guests, the Conference marked the first time the African Union (AU) participated as a full member. This is a historic milestone demonstrating the G20's recognition of Africa's importance and the growing influence of Southern Hemisphere countries in global affairs.

Thirdly, the trend towards multilateralism and multipolarity is irreversible. The two prominent trends mentioned above, the vibrancy in forums, bilateral meetings on the sidelines of the G20 Summit, and the joint declaration of the G20 Summit in Brazil are vivid evidence of the strength and increasingly important role of multipolarism and multilateralism in international relations.

Along with this comes the essential need to reform the global governance system. This trend is strongly and profoundly present in the United Nations forum, in the 2024 BRICS summit in Russia, and many other important international events.

All of this demonstrates that multilateral cooperation is an effective way to address global challenges; multipolarity is an irreversible trend. Only in this way can we promote global governance reform, reduce inequality, lay the foundation for solidarity and unity, create immense strength to confront common challenges, and "heal the wounds" of the planet.

Many hidden obstacles

Overcoming the “shadow of division” and other challenges that loomed large before the opening day, the 2024 G20 Summit achieved significant results. The outcomes of the summit in Brazil and other recent important international events are positive signals, offering hope for the shared aspiration to build a just world , a sustainable planet, and to achieve the United Nations' development goals.

While there is no permanent body, the tripartite secretariat mechanism, comprising representatives from the previous, current, and next host countries (India, Brazil, and South Africa), will maintain a shared direction before the rotating chairmanship is transferred to the United States in 2026.

However, many challenges remain ahead. Conflicts and instability continue to increase in many regions. Geopolitical competition, confrontations between major powers, and divisions are becoming increasingly complex. Furthermore, actions by some major powers are adding fuel to the fire, making the path out of these hotspots very uncertain.

Several key commitments regarding climate change mitigation, inequality, and increased taxes on the super-rich remain undefined and lack binding mechanisms. While compromises have been made, a gap always exists between declarations and actions. Many developed and major countries seek to circumvent or evade full implementation of their commitments. The deadlock in climate change financing negotiations at COP29 in Azerbaijan, due to disagreements between developed and emerging economies , is a prime example.

Not to mention that changes in government after elections can lead to a "reversal" in some countries. President-elect Donald Trump, with his slogan "America First," will continue to withdraw from many multilateral mechanisms deemed "not beneficial" to the US, as he did in his first term.

Geopolitical competition and intense confrontations between major powers create numerous barriers, leading to deep divisions in the world, the dispersion of resources, and disruptions to global supply chains and production. Meanwhile, the need to combat climate change, poverty, and energy transition remains immense.

However, the committed efforts and positive trends of the 2024 G20 Summit and other important international events demonstrate a shared aspiration, serving as a necessary initiative to gradually build confidence, a foundation, and momentum for humanity's continuous progress and development.

Source: https://baoquocte.vn/hoi-nghi-thuong-dinh-g20-cam-ket-xu-the-va-dong-luc-294587.html