According to information from the Electricity Regulatory Authority ( Ministry of Industry and Trade ), the structure of Vietnam's power sources has undergone a major change, with EVN now holding only about 37% of the power supply (including direct and indirect sources).
EVN's direct power generation capacity accounts for only 11% - Photo: EVN
With nearly 80,000 MW of installed capacity across the entire system in 2023, Vietnam's power system ranks first in ASEAN.
The enterprises that manage and own electricity sources are state-owned energy enterprises. These include Vietnam Electricity Group (EVN), Vietnam Oil and Gas Group (PVN), and Vietnam Coal and Mineral Group (TKV), holding approximately 47% of the installed capacity.
Of that, EVN directly and indirectly holds 37% (10% directly and 27% indirectly through power generation corporations), TKV accounts for 2%, mainly thermal power, and PVN accounts for 8%, mainly gas-fired power and small hydropower.
The remaining portion belongs to private investors, accounting for 42%, and BOT projects account for approximately 10%, while imported electricity and other sources account for about 1%.
According to the Electricity Regulatory Authority, in less than 20 years, the structure of power sources in Vietnam's electricity system has undergone significant changes. Specifically, power sources invested in and owned by state-owned enterprises are gradually decreasing. Private power sources are increasing significantly and are expected to account for nearly half of the entire system by 2030.
Thus, EVN no longer holds a "monopoly" over all power sources and electricity production as it did before 2006. In fact, EVN currently only directly controls 11% of the total power generation capacity it owns.
This number mainly consists of important multi-purpose hydropower plants such as Lai Chau , Son La, Hoa Binh, and Tri An. The remaining 26% belongs to the three power generation corporations (Genco 1, Genco 2, and Genco 3) under EVN.
These companies are in the process of equitization, so EVN's ownership stake is gradually decreasing as more economic entities participate.
Regarding private power generation, prior to 2012, private ownership accounted for less than 10% of the power supply. However, this sector now holds a significant share, thanks to the boom in renewable energy following government incentives.
Specifically, as of the end of 2022, coal-fired power capacity continued to account for the largest share at 33% (25,820 MW); hydropower accounted for 28% (22,349 MW); renewable energy (excluding hydropower) accounted for 26% (20,670 MW); gas-fired power accounted for 11% (8,977 MW); and the remainder was from other sources.
Regarding electricity generation, the cumulative output for the first nine months of 2023 reached 209.9 billion kWh, an increase of 3.1% compared to the same period last year.
Currently, the installed capacity of renewable energy sources, ranking third in the system, is approximately 21,000 MW, but the electricity output only accounts for nearly 14% (in the first nine months of 2023) of the total system output due to the specific characteristics of this power source.
By NGOC AN /tuoitre.vn
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