When weight is unreasonable, it can be overweight, obese or underweight, all of which cause negative effects on overall health.
When the body is overweight, obese
Body mass index (BMI) is a measure that helps determine whether a person's weight is within a normal range for their height.
According to Dr. Nguyen Trong Hung, Head of the Department of Adult Nutrition Consultation, National Institute of Nutrition, for Asians, a BMI of 23.0-24.9 is overweight, and 25.0 or higher is obese. There are many causes of overweight and obesity such as unscientific diet, genetics, lack of physical activity, insufficient sleep, etc.
Being at a healthy weight (BMI in the range of 18.5-22.9) sets the stage for your bones, muscles, brain, heart and other organs to function smoothly and efficiently for many years.
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| Obesity increases the risk of certain cancers. |
Being overweight, and especially obese, impairs almost every aspect of health, from reproductive and respiratory functions to memory and mood. Obesity increases the risk of several serious and deadly chronic diseases, including diabetes, heart disease, and some cancers. In addition, obesity reduces the quality and length of life and increases the cost of health care for individuals, nations, and the world.
Obesity and diabetes
Fat cells, especially those stored around the waist, secrete hormones and other substances that cause inflammation. While inflammation is an essential part of the immune system and part of the healing process, inflammation can make the body less responsive to insulin and change the way the body metabolizes fats and carbohydrates, leading to higher blood sugar levels and eventually diabetes and its many complications.
Obesity and cardiovascular disease
Body weight is directly related to various cardiovascular risk factors. As BMI increases, so do blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, blood sugar, and inflammation. These changes increase the risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular death.
Obesity and cancer
The link between obesity and cancer is not as clear as it is for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, abdominal obesity and weight gain in adulthood are also linked to some cancers such as: breast, colon and rectum, endometrium, esophagus, kidney, ovary, pancreas...
In addition, obesity also affects depression and quality of life, affects muscles, bones and joints, and various aspects of reproduction, from sexual activity to conception. Excess weight also impairs respiratory function, affecting asthma, sleep apnea, etc. In addition, obesity is associated with memory loss and cognitive function, chronic kidney disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, etc.
When the body is underweight
Dr. Nguyen Trong Hung said that when the body mass index is below 18.5, it is considered underweight or chronically lacking in energy. The most common and basic cause of underweight is inadequate nutrition. Other causes are diseases (cancer, multiple sclerosis, tuberculosis) and eating disorders. Being underweight also causes certain health risks, including:
Malnutrition
When you are underweight, you may not be eating enough healthy foods with important nutrients to fuel your body. This can lead to malnutrition. Over time, malnutrition can affect your health and cause symptoms such as fatigue, low energy; frequent illness or difficulty fighting off illness; irregular menstrual periods in women; thinning or falling hair, dry skin, or dental problems. Malnutrition can also lead to anemia or deficiencies of essential vitamins.
Osteoporosis
Being underweight increases your risk of osteoporosis, a condition in which bones become brittle and more likely to break.
Skin, hair or teeth problems
When the body does not receive enough nutrients in the daily diet, symptoms such as thin skin, hair loss, dry skin or poor oral health may occur.
Get sick often
Not getting enough energy from your diet to maintain a healthy body weight also leaves your body without enough nutrients to fight infections and susceptible to common illnesses like colds…
Always feel tired
Calories are a measure of the energy a particular food can provide to a person. Not getting enough calories to maintain a healthy weight can make the body feel tired.
Anemia
An underweight person is more likely to have anemia which causes dizziness, headaches and fatigue.
Irregular menstruation
Underweight women may have irregular or stopped periods, making it difficult to conceive, which can lead to infertility./.
According to suckhoedoisong.vn
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