The handling of bad debt in the banking industry will still face many difficulties.

According to statistics from data from a number of securities companies, the estimated after-tax profit of listed banks in the fourth quarter of 2023 increased by 25% compared to the same period last year. The profit of banks improved in the last quarter of the year mainly due to banks increasing lending as well as a sharp decrease in capital costs.

However, asset quality remains a notable point in the 2023 business results picture. The industry-wide bad debt ratio is at 2.2%, up 64 basis points from 2022 and the highest level since 2015.

Almost all banks continued to record an increase in bad debt ratio compared to the beginning of the year and the previous quarters. On average, state-owned commercial banks had an increase of 0.4% compared to the beginning of the year, while the figure for joint-stock commercial banks was 0.7%. At the same time, the bad debt coverage ratio also decreased to the lowest level since the end of 2020, recording 93.8% (in 2022, this ratio will be 136.9%).

For example, TPBank 's Q4/2023 Financial Report shows that although total operating income grew strongly, the Bank's net profit in this quarter decreased by 67.5% compared to the same period in 2022.

The sharp decline in profits in the fourth quarter has caused TPBank's net profit for the whole year 2023 to decrease by 28.7% compared to 2022, reaching VND4,463 billion.

The reason is that provision costs in the fourth quarter of 2023 increased sharply, more than 17 times higher than the same period, pushing the whole year's provision costs to VND 3,946 billion, an increase of 114% compared to 2022.

Notably, at the end of the fourth quarter of 2023, TPBank's bad debt ratio was 2.05%, down 0.93 percentage points compared to the previous quarter, but still high compared to 0.84% at the end of 2022.

The provisioning boost in the last quarter of 2023 will see the bank's loan loss coverage ratio (LLR) reach 63.7% by the end of 2023, but it will still be much lower than the 135% at the end of 2022, suggesting that asset quality may deteriorate further in the coming period.

Despite having the lowest bad debt ratio in the system, accounting for only 1.2% of total outstanding loans at the end of last year,ACB 's bad debt figure has reached VND5,885 billion, an increase of 93% compared to the end of 2022. Credit risk provisioning costs also increased dramatically from VND70 billion in 2022 to VND1,804 billion in 2023.

Regarding the bad debt story of the banking industry, financial analyst Dr. Nguyen Duy Phuong, Director of Investment at DG Capital, said that while the existing problems in 2023 have not been overcome, looking towards 2024, the risk factor is present, coming from the slower-than-expected recovery speed of credit demand and the continued decline in asset quality.

Some contents on handling bad debts and collateral in Resolution 42/2017/QH14 have been officially legalized in Chapter XII of the Law on Credit Institutions amended in 2024.

"However, there are still many issues to worry about as the recently issued amended Law on Credit Institutions has removed regulations on seizing collateral, seizing assets of the party subject to enforcement, returning collateral as evidence in criminal cases, administrative violations of bad debt; and has not expanded the subjects eligible to participate in buying and selling bad debt, which may make bad debt handling activities more difficult.

From that, it can be seen that the process of handling bad debt will need more time and banks that have good buffers and capital buffers will have more advantages," Dr. Nguyen Duy Phuong stated his opinion.

Source