Why is Thai food usually so spicy?

Spicy flavors have contributed to the appeal of many Thai dishes, but why does the cuisine have to be so spicy?

Báo Thanh niên•14/06/2025

If you've ever tasted Thai food, chances are you've encountered the characteristic spiciness – whether it's the classic Tom Yam Kung or the beloved Som Tum (papaya salad). The spiciness seems unavoidable in many of Thailand's most iconic dishes.

The compelling explanation lies in the climate. Thailand's hot and humid weather creates an ideal environment for bacteria and fungi to thrive, making food more prone to spoilage compared to countries in colder regions, according to the Bangkok Post .

Why is Thai food often so spicy? - Image 1.

Tom Yam Kung, a famous spicy Thai dish - PHOTO: Pexels

A study published in the Quarterly Review of Biology analyzed over 4,570 traditional recipes from around the world and found that spicy ingredients play a significant role in tropical countries. In particular, chili peppers – rich in the compound capsaicin – help inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, naturally extending the shelf life of food without the need for modern preservation technologies found in Europe or America.

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Although deeply ingrained in Thai cuisine today, chili peppers are not native to Asia. Originating in South America, they were introduced to Southeast Asia by Portuguese traders in the 16th century. Over time, chili peppers have been adapted to suit Thai tastes and have gradually become a staple spice in most households' pantry.

In Thailand, chili peppers are not just used to add spiciness. They also play an emotional role – stimulating sweating, cooling the body, and even providing a refreshing feeling amidst the tropical heat.

Besides its preservation function, spicy foods also offer several health benefits. Chili peppers are an excellent source of vitamin C, support the immune system, soothe coughs, reduce phlegm, and may even help lower cholesterol levels.

Why is Thai food usually so spicy? - Photo 2.

Som Tum papaya salad - PHOTO: Pexels

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However, like anything else, too much of a good thing can also be harmful. Eating too much spicy food, especially in people with sensitive digestive systems, can increase the risk of gastritis, chronic inflammatory bowel disease, and acid reflux – health problems that should not be taken lightly.

So, if you're a fan of the rich and spicy flavors of Thailand, feel free to enjoy it – but perhaps in moderation.

Source: https://thanhnien.vn/vi-sao-mon-an-thai-lan-thuong-rat-cay-185250611110344417.htm