Controlling emissions from construction and manufacturing is a key step to improving air quality.
Identify the four main sources of air pollution
Since the beginning of winter, Hanoi has continuously appeared in the list of 10 most polluted cities in the world . Cold, dry air, temperature inversion, and dense urban activities cause PM2.5 fine dust to accumulate, creating a hazy sky, directly affecting people's health.
According to the report of the Department of Environment ( Ministry of Agriculture and Environment ), air pollution in urban areas mainly comes from four groups: Traffic, construction, industrial production - craft villages and people's activities such as burning garbage, straw, honeycomb coal, votive paper. Of which, construction and industrial production are the major emission groups, especially in winter when weather conditions limit the diffusion of pollutants.
According to the Department of Environment, industrial emissions related to air pollution account for about 29%, construction activities are both a direct source of PM2.5 fine dust emissions and cause road dust. This is identified as a major source of pollution.
Experts from the project "Integrating climate change resilience and environmental protection to develop green cities" chaired by the Department of Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Environment, also said that controlling emissions from construction and production is a key step to improve air quality.
Strong application of technology appropriate to each emission source
According to Dr. Hoang Duong Tung, Chairman of the Vietnam Clean Air Network, to improve air quality, it is necessary to implement short-term, medium-term and long-term solutions, suitable for each emission source. For example, for transportation, many policies have been proposed and gradually implemented, such as establishing low-emission zones, prioritizing the development of public transportation, switching to clean energy vehicles, etc.
For large groups of emissions from construction, industry and craft villages, experts recommend the early establishment of a comprehensive industrial emissions inventory system at both central and local levels, integrated with the national environmental database. This system will help identify the main polluting industries, emissions over time and high-risk areas, thereby providing more effective intervention measures.
In parallel, 24/7 monitoring of automatic monitoring systems at large emission facilities such as thermal power plants, cement plants, metallurgical plants, and waste incinerators is considered a mandatory requirement. Many experts emphasize that monitoring data must be continuously connected and transparent at an appropriate level to serve early warning and specialized inspection.
A more fundamental solution is energy transition in production. Gradually replacing coal fuel with renewable energy sources or applying energy-saving technologies in industries that use a lot of heat will significantly reduce emissions. Experts propose implementing a program to support energy transition in the Red River Delta and the Southeast region – areas with a high concentration of coal-fired production facilities.
In addition, many localities need to review and develop a roadmap to relocate facilities that do not meet environmental protection requirements out of residential areas, in accordance with approved environmental zoning.
Using drones to monitor pollution "black spots"
Many countries are using drones to monitor dust and emissions from construction sites, manufacturing areas and pollution "black spots". Experts consider this a suitable solution for urban conditions in Vietnam, where large construction sites and complex construction activities are difficult to inspect using traditional methods. Drones allow for continuous, wide-ranging monitoring, quick detection of violations and data connection to management agencies, helping to increase the effectiveness of environmental protection regulations enforcement.
The Department of Environment is working with the National Remote Sensing Agency to use drones to monitor straw burning in suburban areas and dust emissions from large construction sites in Hanoi. The results are immediately transferred to local authorities for processing and publication in the media.
At the seminar "Improving the quality of urban air environment" organized by the Department of Environment in coordination with other units, the representative of the Department of Environment said that in addition to fixed monitoring stations, the unit has organized many points, using many types of mobile devices to monitor, measure and analyze the most accurate parameters. From the measured information, it has provided to some forecasting information channels twice a day.
In addition to management measures, experts say that localities need to invest in more specialized equipment such as vacuum cleaners and street cleaning vehicles to maintain regular cleaning, and consider adding appropriate working regimes for environmental sanitation workers during peak pollution hours. Increasing the frequency of street cleaning, especially from October to April next year - a period when pollution often increases - is also considered necessary.
In addition, new technological solutions such as on-site or mobile vehicle cleaning systems, misting technology to reduce dust at construction sites and residential areas, or construction waste collection and recycling models for reuse as materials are being proposed for pilot testing by many experts.
Thu Cuc
Source: https://baochinhphu.vn/can-kiem-soat-chat-4-nguon-thai-lon-de-cai-thien-chat-luong-khong-khi-102251210090151033.htm
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